BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Postsynaptic Potential
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16 Jun 2016
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Cell body: where machinery of the cell is located. Axon: long, single projection that takes electrical signal from cell body to synapse. Synapse: gap where neurotransmitters transfer from presynaptic cell to postsynaptic cell. Myelin sheath: fatty insulation around the axon. 3 types of neurons: motor neuron: stimulates muscle cells, interneuron: transfers info from sensory neuron to motor neuron, sensory neuron: takes input from sensory receptors. Glial cells: most important component of the cns. Functions: provide metabolic support, regulate neurotransmitter release and function, provide physical support, send signals on their own communication with themselves as well as other neurons cell type in cns and pns, more than neurons. Specialized immune cells for ns: astrocytes: provide structural support; regulate extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters, microglia: role in immune function in cns. Membrane potential: an electrical charge/voltage difference across plasma membrane. K+ and na+ (most important: concentration gradient is maintained by na+ and k+ pumps.
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