BPK 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cytosol, Cell Signaling, Posterior Pituitary
4 Oct 2017
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Discuss modes of local vs long distance communication. Physiological signals include: electrical signals, changes in the membrane potential of a cell, chemical signals, molecules secreted by cells into ecf, bind to specific receptor on or in target cells. There are different types of chemical signaling molecules: amino acids, amines, peptides or proteins, steroids, others. There are intracellular receptors (in the cytosol or the nucleus) and there are plasma membrane/surface receptors. Explain the major features of a signal transduction pathway. Once a signaling molecule binds to its receptor, the stimulus is transduced resulting in a series of intracellular responses that lead to a specific response. Whether a cell responds to a signal molecule depends on presence of a receptor. Specific response of a cell depends on the receptor"s associated signal transduction pathway. Receptors and transduction pathways can vary in different cells/tissues: second messenger molecules ex. camp, ca2+, etc, kinases phosphorylate proteins = turn on, phosphatases dephosphorylate proteins = turn off.
