BPK 306 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Physiological Cross-Sectional Area, Golgi Tendon Organ, Muscle Spindle
30 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
We have discussed sarcomeres, but have only mentioned the considerable amount of connective tissue present in muscle that includes tendons and fibrous tissue. The fibrous tissue (such as tendon) is capable of transmitting force from muscle to bone: tendon is flexible, strong, and elastic. It is composed of regularly arranged collagen fibers. Muscle spindles constitute an important receptor in muscle: have type ia and ii afferents. Golgi tendon organs are innervated by ib afferents and are situated in tendon: define the pennation angle in a muscle, and how it affects muscle force. Muscle fibers may not be oriented in the line of action of force: can lay in a different direction (pennation) Muscle fibers may not all be activated together. Forces occur in all 3 dimensions and are transmitted through connective tissue. Pennation angle: will always be less than 90 degrees. Gearing of muscle fibers: as muscle fibers shorten, they also rotate to steeper pennation angle (out of long axis)
