CRIM 101 Lecture Notes - Labeling Theory, Social Learning Theory, Edwin Sutherland
21 Apr 2013
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Cullen et al say that criminologists are aware of the policy implications of their theories. However, they neglect to examine research or correctional rehab programs to see whether their theories are adequate. Edwin sutherland"s extensive (and sometimes vociferous) critique of the gleuks aimed at disregarding psychobiological explanations and strengthening sociology"s position. Robert merton"s strain theory located crime in the social structure (blocked opportunities to achieving cultural goals) Howard becker"s labeling theory argued that stigmatizing offenders created a self- fulfilling prophecy. Subject of famous 1974 essay by robert martinson. Analyzed 231 studies from 1945-1967, and concluded that the net result was close to 0. Confirmed what criminologists already knew that rehab is a myth . Became the established wisdom for decades to follow. Cullen et al say that it is true that half the studies showed negligible or even negative results. Even so, average size effect on recidivism was still r = 10.
