CRIM 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Social Learning Theory, Price Fixing, Edwin Sutherland
11 Apr 2016
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In his 1927 definition, thrasher did not include criminality as an essential criterion for designation as a gang. Some contemporary scholars have argued that the absence of criminality makes the definition of a gang too broad . In chapter 17, wortley (2014) argues that without the criminality criterion, the study of gangs would become the study of all organized group. Without requiring the criteria of violence and /or regular criminal activity , some college fraternities might meet the definition of a gang. A random sample of 3,394 high school students, obtained by the toronto youth crime and victimization survey in 2000, indicated that: 88/8 % of the students had never been gang members. Current gang members reported much higher rates of criminal involvement. 70% of current gang members said that they had carried a gun or knife with them in the preceding year. 73 percent of former and/present gang members had sold drugs ten or more times.
