CRIM 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Main Source, Albert Bandura, Symbolic Interactionism
1 Jun 2018
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Department
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Professor
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
THE CHRONOLOGICAL PROGRESSION
Sutherland’s differential association theory → skinner’s
operant conditioning → skyes and matza’s techniques of
neutralization → burgees and Aker’s differential
reinforcement theory → aker’s social learning theory
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
Edwin Sutherland
• Was a professor at University of Chicago for five years.
• Rejected notion that crime was caused by criminal type or psychopathology
• Said criminal behavior was learned, and that it was the social context that
contributed to criminal behavior
NINE PROPOSITIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL
ASSOCIATION
• Criminal behavior is learned
• Learned in a process of interaction with others
• Principal part of learning occurs within intimate personal groups
• Learning includes 1) techniques of committing crime
b) motives, rationalization, and attitudes
• Learn definitions of legal codes as favorable or unfavorable
• Become delinquent through excess of definitions favorable to criminal activity
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Differential associations may differ in intensity, duration and frequency over
time
• Involves same mechanisms as other types of learning
• Needs and values much the same for delinquents and non-delinquents
OPERANT CONDITIONING
b.f skinner is at Harvard university, hard core phycologist.
Set out principles of operant conditioning, operant behavior and operant extinction in
book “science and human behavior”
REWARD AND PUNISHMENT
Reward
Punishment
WHY IS IT CALLED “OPERANT” CONDITIONING?
• Behavior has its “effects” by operating on environment or other people
• Behaviour learned through operant reinforcement can be unlearned through
combination of extinction and reinforcement of alternative behaviors.
OPERANT CONDITIONING cont.
• Behaviour learned through the law of effect
• Behaviours that bring about desirable effects ex. Comfort, food. Sex,
spanking) likely to be repeated
• Behaviours that bring about undesirable effects ex. Loss, pain, unlikely to be
repeated.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sutherland"s differential association theory skinner"s operant conditioning skyes and matza"s techniques of neutralization burgees and aker"s differential reinforcement theory aker"s social learning theory. Involves same mechanisms as other types of learning: needs and values much the same for delinquents and non-delinquents. Operant conditioning b. f skinner is at harvard university, hard core phycologist. Set out principles of operant conditioning, operant behavior and operant extinction in book science and human behavior . Why is it called operant conditioning: behavior has its effects by operating on environment or other people, behaviour learned through operant reinforcement can be unlearned through combination of extinction and reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Operant conditioning cont: behaviour learned through the law of effect, behaviours that bring about desirable effects ex. Sex, spanking) likely to be repeated: behaviours that bring about undesirable effects ex. Loss, pain, unlikely to be repeated: law of effect reflects the impact of reward ad punishment. The main proponents: c. ray jeffery (1965).
