CRIM 300W Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Operant Conditioning, Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham
19 Nov 2016
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Crim300 chapter 2: classical and neoclassical criminology. Calculated on level of intensity, duration, certainty, extent. Benefits of criminal gains vs. risks of getting caught. Emphasized deterrence of crime as purpose of criminal justice. Crime is the result of irrational and ineffective law. Not the presence of deviant human nature. Principles of classical school revised by legal reformers. Achieve greatest good for greatest # who abide by social contract. Trial by a jury of one"s peers. We have been slowly dismantling this model. Beccaria"s developments were influenced by hobbes & locke: people have free will, people are hedonistic and egoistic. Behaviour is not the result of rational choice. Empiricism and scientific study compared to mere philosophy . Expected were changes in recidivism and decrease in crime. Positivists influenced the corrections system to adopt the rehabilitation model. Many researchers took this as the failure of positivist theory. Argues that people have limited (rather than universal) free will.
