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ECON 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Marginal Cost, Marginal Revenue, Economic Surplus

336 views4 pages
rosebutterfly429
24 Feb 2016
School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 103
Professor
Junjie Liu

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Document Summary

The first problem is that marginal cost pricing will result in negative profits. The second problem of marginal cost pricing is that it gives the monopoly no incentive to reduce costs: define natural monopoly. An industry is a natural monopoly when a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a lower cost than could two or more firms. When the size of market is relatively small but the efficient scale is relatively large, the market is more likely to be a natural monopoly. Week 13: a small town is served by many competing supermarkets, which have constant marginal cost, using a diagram of the market for groceries, show the consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus. Output is qc, price is pc, consumer surplus is area a, producer surplus is zero, and total surplus is area a: now suppose that the independent super markets combine into one chain.

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Related Questions

Why is a monopolist's marginal revenue less than the price of its good? Can marginal revenue ever be negative? Explain.

 

Answer the following questions pertaining to monopolist production. 

 

1) If a monopolist is producing in the inelastic portion of its demand curve, which of the following will occur if the monopolist decreases its price?

a. Marginal revenue will decrease, but profits will increase.

b. Marginal revenue will increase, but profits will decrease.

c.Total revenue will decrease, but profits will increase.

d.Both total revenue and profits will decrease.

e. Both total revenue and profits will increase.

 

2) Which of the following statements is true for a perfectly competitive firm but not true for a monopoly?

a.The firm's price is equal to its average revenue.

b.The firm cannot affect the market price for its good.

c.It is difficult for other firms to enter the industry.

d. The demand for the firm's product is unit elastic.

e.The firm must lower its price in order to sell more of its product.

 

3) Monopolies are inefficient for which of the following reasons?

a. They produce too little of the good.

b.They produce too much of the good.

c. They do not produce an output level at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue.

d. The marginal cost of producing the good is too low.

e. The firm is too large.

 

4) Which of the following is necessarily true of the profit-maximizing equilibrium of a monopolist who sets a single price?

a. Price equals average total cost.

b. Price is greater than the marginal cost.

c. Average total cost is at its minimum level.

d. Marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost.

e. Marginal cost is minimized.

A. A competitive firm

  1. can consider only its location in setting the price.
  2. must base its competitive price on product differentiation.
  3. has the ability to set its own price.
  4. must accept the price determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves.
  5. has no supply curve.

B. If a firm is making an economic profit, then

  1. the factors of production are being paid their opportunity costs.
  2. there will be no change in the number of firms if the industry is perfectly competitive.
  3. the factors of production are being paid less than their opportunity costs.
  4. the factors of production are being paid more than their opportunity costs.
  5. the firm will exit the industry

C. Along a downward-sloping monopoly demand curve,

  1. marginal revenue is greater than price.
  2. the elasticity of demand is constant.
  3. marginal revenue decreases when the price decreases.
  4. marginal revenue is equal to zero when the price is equal to zero

D. If, in the short run, a perfectly competitive firm is producing at a point where the total cost is greater than total revenue, then the firm should

  1. shut down because economic profits are negative.
  2. continue to produce as long as P > AVC.
  3. continue to produce because accounting profits are positive.
  4. set a higher price for its output.
  5. set a lower price for its output

E. For a perfectly competitive firm, the demand curve is

  1. the marginal revenue curve.
  2. perfectly inelastic.
  3. always equal to marginal cost.
  4. the same as the market demand curve

F. A firm in a(n) industry will have the most elastic demand curve

  1. monopolistic
  2. oligopolistic
  3. monopolistically competitive
  4. perfectly competitive

G. If the demand curve of a monopolist is in the inelastic range, then

  1. total revenue will fall if the price increases.
  2. total revenue will be unchanged if the price increases.
  3. total revenue will rise if the price increases.
  4. the total supply will increase by an equal amount if demand increases.
  5. the price will be unchanged if total revenue increases

H. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly are examples of

  1. monopoly.
  2. perfect competition.
  3. theories of consumer behavior.
  4. imperfect competition.
  5. the extreme cases on the market structure continuum

I. Under which market structure do firms face the flattest (most elastic) demand curve?

  1. perfect competition
  2. monopolistic competition
  3. oligopoly
  4. monopoly

J. At the point of long-run equilibrium for a perfectly competitive firm,

  1. economic profits are zero.
  2. TR > TC.
  3. TR < TC.
  4. P = AVC.
  5. normal profits are zero.