IDST 1000Y Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: The Young Turks, Retail Park, Proletarianization
15 Dec 2016
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Turkey: Part 2 - IDST 1000Y – 11/03/2015
• The incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into world capitalism: 3 mechanisms at
work – 1. Trade, 2. Debt, 3. Foreign direct investment
• 3. Foreign direct investment – despite the unwillingness of the bureaucracy,
foreign direct investment entered the country – but, FDI did not lead to
proletarianization – FDI served mostly the needs of merchant capital – the new
ports and railroads served to increase the volume of trade and to open up
previously local market-orientated producers to global commercial networks – the
economic integration of the Empire was dominated by the requirements of trade
• Periodization of the 19th century – the period from the French revolutionary wars
to the end of the 1930s saw the growing economic incorporation of the Balkan
provinces and the emergence of Greek traders as a dominant actor – much
closer involvement of the Ottoman Empire in British and Russian politics – the
emergence of the first nationalist movements and the first serious attempts at
reforms in a Western mould
• The end of the 1830s and the mid-1870s – the fast expansion both of trade and
of loans to the empire after 1838 – British and French support for the continued
existence of the empire – ongoing and (at least on paper) far-reaching reforms in
the realms of law, education, finance, and government institutions – the replacing
of the palace by the bureaucracy as the centre of power – the start of the
Ottoman constitutional movement and the beginnings of a Muslim reaction
against the privileged position of Christians (Zuercher, 1993) – this period end
with a deep economic and political crisis ain the years 1873-1878
• From the mid-1870s – 1908 – much slower economic growth, at least until the
end of the century – the first serious direct foreign investment in the empire –
ongoing administrative and technical reforms – the palace replaces the
bureaucrat as the main power centre again – towards the end of this period both
international economic incorporation and internal political opposition gathers
pace again
• The 19th century – a period of crisis – increasing peripheralization in this century
– two factors prompted the political transformation of the Ottoman state: the
central authority’s response to locally based political challenge, the pressure by
Western powers to legitimize and expand an already significant economic
connection – between the Tanzimat Reforms of 1838 and the Young Turk era:
the strengthening of the central authority in the remaining territories, the
increasing control of the capital by the imperialist powers
• Never formally colonized by a European state
• Were seen as the ‘sick man’ of Europe and were going to ‘die’ soon
• The rise of the modern state and capitalization in Europe lessened the power that
Turkey used to have
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Document Summary
Turkey: part 2 - idst 1000y 11/03/2015: the incorporation of the ottoman empire into world capitalism: 3 mechanisms at work 1. Two factors prompted the political transformation of the ottoman state: the central authority"s response to locally based political challenge, the pressure by. Greek and armenian minorities, who supported the legal and political reforms as these reforms served to lay the foundations of a society based on market exchange: the european powers during the reform process the intervention of rival. A constitutional assembly was convened signaled the end of absolute rule of the monarch, 2. British capital was largely eliminated together with greek and armenian merchants who had provided the indigenous and the dependency region, 2. Ottoman state combated heterodox muslims even more vehemently than it did. Christians while islam law recognized the existence of other people of the book, islam was official and one indivisible in practice, minorities from. Western anatolia, greeks monopolized commercial and industrial occupations.
