SOCI 1001H Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Participant Observation, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Content Analysis
28 Jun 2018
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SOCI1001H: Introduction to Sociology 1: Critical Found a tion s
Tues d a y, Octob e r 3, 201 7
Lectur e 4
The Rese a rc h Proces s
-Hypoth e sis (from theory)
oTheory might lead to one or more hypoth esis
-Concept u alization
-Variable s (dep e n d e n t /ind e p e n d e n t – ant ec e de n t /int e rv enin g)
-Oper a tio n aliza tio n
Some considera tions of Rese ar c h Design
-Methodolo gy
oUnobtru siv e res e a r c h met h o d s (primar y and seco nd a r y analysis, cont e n t analysis)
oField res e a r c h (ethn ogr ap hy)
oSurvey rese a r c h
oExperim en t s
-Analysis of dat a… tie back to the ory
Hypot h es is
-A stat e m e n t of a relation s hip betwe e n two or more conc e p t s (or variable s)
-A more specific stat e m e n t which is easier to 'test' in the 'real world' than a theory
-A stat e m e n t of what you expec t to obse rv e in the empirical world (similar to a prediction)
-Example One:
oWomen have a great er tend en c y than men to initiate social inter ac tion in a public si
"gend er" and "social inter ac tion" as relate d
-Example Two:
oThe grea t er the police prese nc e, the safer the neighbo u r h o o d
"police pres e nc e" and "neighbo u r h o o d safety" as relate d
Paradig m s theories hypoth esi s concept u alization
Variable s
-mea s ur es of conc ep t s that have more than one value
-value is an attribute or quality that make s up a variable
-exa m pl e s :
o"male" is an attribut e of the variable "gend er"
o"high school diplom a" is an attribut e of the variable "higher educ a tion"
-the two key variables in hypoth esis testing are: (relat e s to principles of caus ality)
odep e n de nt variabl es
oinde p e n d e n t variable s
things can be variables as well as conce p t s (gend er)
Variable Order Example:
-"the gre at e r the numb e r of hours spen t studying, the higher the grad e s"
-inde p e n d e n t variable = "amo u n t of study time"
-dep e n de nt variabl e = "grad e s receive d"
-thes e vary in relation to one anot h e r
Variable Types and Sequ e n c e:
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Document Summary
Soci1001h: introd u c tio n to sociology 1: critical found a tio n s. Tues d a y, octob e r 3, 201 7. Hypot h e s i s (from theor y: theory migh t lead to one or mor e hypo t h e s i s. Conce p t u a liz a tio n. Oper a tio n aliza tio n. Som e consid e r a tio n s of res e a r c h design. Analysis of dat a tie back to the ory. A sta t e m e n t of a relation s hi p betw e e n two or mor e conc e p t s (or variable s ) A mor e specific sta t e m e n t which is easi er to "tes t" in the "re al world" tha n a theor y.
