BIOCH200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Glycerophospholipid, Micelle, Liposome

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skycaribou653

10 Dec 2017

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biochemistry

Course

BIOCH200

Professor

Jonathan Parrish

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Document Summary

Fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and membrane lipids: state the rationale used to classify biological molecules as a lipid, non-polar, hydrophobic. Insoluble in water: list four distinct types of molecule that are classified as lipids, fatty acids, triacylglycerol, membrane lipids, cholesterol, draw the structure of a fatty acid, given its structural notation. Shorthand notation: (# of carbons) :(#of double bonds) (locations of double bonds) See fatty acid nomenclature: ide(cid:374)tif(cid:455) the , a(cid:374)d carbon atoms in a fatty acid. : first (cid:272)ar(cid:271)on that atta(cid:272)hes to the fun(cid:272)tional group coo- : the last (cid:272)ar(cid:271)on in the fatty a(cid:272)id (cid:272)hain: state why fatty acids are termed amphipathic. They have both polar and non-polar portions: define the terms saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, saturated: no double bonds, monounsaturated: one double bond, polyunsaturated: more than one double bond. Usually contains cis double bonds: sketch cis and trans double-bonds, and compare their effects on the shape of a fatty acid.

Related Questions

1. What structural features do a triacylglycerol and a phosphoacylglycerol have in common? How do their structures differ?

2. How does the chemical structure of steroids differ from that of other lipids?

3. Compare and contrast the two categories of membrane-associated proteins. Which one is bound more tightly to the membrane?

4. What are the polar and non-polar portions of each of the following lipids?

Triacyglycerol-

Sphingolipid-

Cholesterol-

5. Describe the structures in saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Discuss how these structures contribute to the rigidity or fluidity of the lipid bilayer.

6. Complete the table: For each class of lipids on the left, put a

Question 1 (2.5 points) Question 1 Saved Liquid vegetable oils can be converted to solid fats such as margarine by Question 1 options: 1) hydrogenation. 2) hydrolysis. 3) hydration. 4) oxidation. 5) saponification. Save Question 2 (2.5 points) Question 2 Saved A triacylglycerol that is solid at room temperature is called a(n) Question 2 options: 1) terpene. 2) lecithin. 3) oil. 4) wax. 5) fat. Save Question 3 (2.5 points) Question 3 Saved Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids because Question 3 options: 1) they have fewer hydrogen atoms. 2) they have more hydrogen atoms. 3) their molecules fit closely together. 4) the cis double bonds produce a shape that reduces contact between molecules. Save Question 4 (2.5 points) Question 4 Unsaved Cholesterol is a member of the ________ group of lipids. Question 4 options: 1) glycerophospholipid 2) steroid 3) prostaglandin 4) triacylglycerol 5) wax Save Question 5 (2.5 points) Question 5 Unsaved Which of the following is an example of an emulsion? Question 5 options: Paint Milk Jelly Pitch Asphalt Save Question 6 (2.5 points) Question 6 Unsaved _____ are lipids with four fused ring structures. Question 6 options: Sphingolipids Phospholipids Steroids Enzymes Gangliosides Save Question 7 (2.5 points) Question 7 Unsaved The ionic part of a lipid is hydrophobic and the nonpolar part is hydrophilic. Question 7 options: True False Save Question 8 (2.5 points) Question 8 Unsaved The most abundant saturated fatty acid contains 16 carbons and is known as: Question 8 options: lauric acid. myristic acid. palmitic acid. stearic acid. butyric acid. Save Question 9 (2.5 points) Question 9 Unsaved What type of lipid is shown below? lipid Question 9 options: steroid wax fatty acid tryacylgliceride Save Question 10 (2.5 points) Question 10 Unsaved What type of lipid is shown below? lipid Question 10 options: steroid wax fatty acid tryacylgliceride Save

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

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BIOCH200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Glycerophospholipid, Micelle, Liposome

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