BIOL 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Enolase, Redox, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
21 Mar 2020
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ENERGY PAY OFF PHASE •G3P is oxidised to 1,3 -bisphosphoglyurate by reducing
pinorganic
Oxidised NADT NADT ←-.phosphate 2molecules of NAD ?This is an exergonie redox reaction
}Trios phosphate dehydrogenase and the energy released is used to add an Inorganic phosphate
NADH NADH
reduced (for each of An substrate )
Bk 1,3 -bisphosphoglyarate group nto
the substrate To make the high energy product .
p
p
• 1,3 -bisphosphoglyarate is converted To 3-phosphoglyarate
ZADP by substrate level phosphorylation,where aphosphate
yPhosphoglyankinan
group is transferred to ADP (for each molecule )Catalysed by
3- phosphogbeurute phosphoglyaro kinase enzyme .
ZATP
Bl£•
Phosphoglyaromutase relocates remaining phosphate group.
:
hosphoglyanmutau •Enolase enzyme catalyses the formation of adouble bond
Boz 2-phosphoglyarate by removing amolecule of water forming phosphoenolpywate
which Is a compound wl very high potential energy.
P
-OH
•Final substrate level phosphorylation happens when aphosphate
water Ho He
£Ewlam
group (for each molecule )Is transferred to ADP to form
removed
BE Phosphoenolpynuvate IPEP) ATP ,from phosphoenolpymate ,catalysed by pyrwate kinase .
From PEP →ADP
P
ZADP
)Pywrate kinase Gflywlysis produces :
L2molecules of ATP
ZATP BE Pywvate 2NADH (Reduced MADH )
Pynwate molecule :0;DRelease
of COZ
c=0 o
-
•
As the carboxyl acid group on The
11
C =0C = 0
* Takes place in the matrix ,,COZ pyrwate molecule has been fully oxidised
CH }
C =0
of mitochondria iit is released as a molecule of coz .
CHZ
Pyrwate oxidation
Release of Oz (first step In the release of Cod 2.) Reduction of NaD+
Reduction of NADT
Formation of Acetyl CoA • The remaining 2-carbon compound Is oxidised forming
acetate (4+300
-
: ionised form of acetic acid )
IMPORTANT Pynvvate enters the mitochondria via 2NaD+ ⇒ZNADH (two molecules cus 2pynwatss )
active transport .The electrons are transferred to NADT
lOMoARcPSD|2141592
Document Summary
This is an exergonie redox reaction and the group ntothe (for each energy of an substrate released substrate ) is used to add an. Boz is group enzyme . a phosphate ( for each phosphoglyaro. 3- phosphogbeurute molecule ) catalysed by transferred to kinase level phosphorylation , where remaining phosphate group . Be phosphoenolpynuvate ipep) very high potential energy . level phosphorylation happens. Phosphoglyarate transferred to compound wl formation of by removing. L when a phosphate kinase . of forming phosphoenolpywate removed. Coz pyrwate molecule it is released as a group on. The acid has been molecule fully oxidised of coz . ( first step in the release of cod. The remaining 2 carbon compound is oxidised forming. Nadh the molecule combines to the co - Siilfur from derived a sulfur atom of the enzyme . All the 3 processes of pyruvate oxidation are catalysed by a large mutteencyme complex release of co2 , reduction of nad.
