BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Rna Polymerase Iii, Transcription Bubble, Ionic Bonding
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Dna determines every characteristics of a cell or organism. Dna does this indirectly since the proteins in a cell/organism is what directly determines its characteristics. Dna is divided into discrete units of hereditary information called genes. Each protein has a different sequence of amino acids that determine the protein"s shape and activity. This allows a protein to perform very specific functions such as being structural, enzymatic, or to perform regulation. Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids (aa"s) These amino acids are joined by peptide bonds. Since amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, proteins are also known as polypeptides. There are four different levels of protein structure: Primary structure defines the sequence of amino acids of a given protein. Different proteins have different numbers and sequences of amino acids. Secondary structure is when certain segments of amino acids exist in coiled or folded patterns. This is a result of hydrogen bonds between atoms in the polypeptide backbone.