NUTR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Glycemic Index, Tooth Enamel, Low-Carbohydrate Diet
13 Jun 2018
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Chapter 4 Carbs Part 2
- Diabetes: elevated blood glucose levels, leading cause of blindness in adults, renal
failure, nontraumatic lower limb amputations
o Gestational: first onset in pregnancy:
o Type I: autoiue disease: ody’s ow iue syste destroys insulin
secreting cells, so insulin is no longer made
o Type 2: musclw liver and fat cells have decreased sensitivity to insulin
o Decreased insulin production
o Increasing in younger kids
▪ Increased obesity on younger age groups
o Symptoms:
▪ Immediate
• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination(kidneys excrete glucose which draws liquid
with it
• Blurred vision
• Weight loss (especially for type 1) body responds as if starvation
o Treatment
▪ Diet, exercise, medication
▪ Keep glucose within normal range
o Glycemic Index
▪ Glycemic Response: how quickly and how high blood glucose rises after
carbs are consumed, affected by amount and type of carb eaten
▪ Glycemic index is a ranking of how food affects the glycemic response
• High glycemic index foods raise blood glucose more quickly
• Low GI raise blood clucose more slowly
o Better for people with diabetes
o Generally high in fibre
o May reduce risk of heart disease, colon cancer
o Stone ground whole wheat, heavy mixed grain,
pumpermicket, all bran, barley, sweet potato
- Dental Caries: bacteria live in mouth form colonies on teeth known as plaque
o If plaque is not brushed or flossed away, bacteria metabolize carbohydrates in
the mouth and creates acid
o Acid dissolves tooth enamel and the underlying structures of the teeth and gums
- Low Carb Weight loss diets: foods high in carbs stimulate the release of insulin
o More insulin you release the more fat you store
o Low carb diets cause less insulin to be released and more ketone(help suppress
the appetite) production
▪ Increased ketone can decrease muscle mass
▪ Nutritional deficiencies: eg. No fruit in diet
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