PSYCO105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Antipsychotic, Systematic Desensitization
1 May 2018
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1. What is the Dodo Bird Verdict?
a. Therapies are all effective (measured differently) → Meta-Analysis.
2. What factors affect therapy outcomes?
a. Therapist variables (empathy, genuineness and experience), Client (problem +
motivation), and techniques
3. What is the Cognitive Triangle
a. Thoughts to behaviours to emotions back to thoughts.
4. What are some techniques?
a. Depression → REBT model, and phobias → exposure or systematic desensitization,
Bipolar → DBT
5. What are biological Treatments?
a. Drugs, electroconvulsive therapy or psychotherapy.
b. Psychopharmacology → how do drugs affect cognition, emotion and behaviours.
6. What are Anti-Anxiety Drugs?
a. Reduce anxiety without affecting alertness → slow excitatory synaptic activity, and cause
drowsiness + dependence (withdrawal)
7. What are Antidepressants?
a. Tricyclics → Increase norepinephrine and serotonin → prevein reuptake of excitatory
neurotransmitters.
b. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors → Increase norepinephrine and serotonin →
breaks down neurotransmitters → Suicidal thoughts.
c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) → Block reuptake of serotonin → reduce
depressive symptoms and increase negative thoughts.
d. Antipsychotic Drugs → Decrease action of dopamine → reduces positive schizophrenia
but has severe side effects.
8. What do PET scans show?
a. Similar changes in blood flow of 3 brain areas
9. What two illnesses does Drug therapy benefit most?
a. Depression and Schizophrenia.
10. What is Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
a. Sedative and muscle relaxant → shock patient causing seizure of CNS
b. Useful for severe depression.
11. What is psychosurgery?
a. Removal or destroying parts of brain.
b. Lobotomy → destroy nerve tracts to frontal lobes.
12. What is deinstitutionalization?
a. Transfer of treatment to a community.
b. Revolving Door phenomenon → Repeated hospitalizations.
13. What are preventative Mental Health Measures?
a. Competency-focused prevention → increase coping skills and resources
b. Sitional-focused prevention → reduce/eliminate environmental causes of disorders.
14. What are stressors?
a. Place a demand on us → self-actualization (work, career, deadlines) → lead to
physiological responses.
15. What are the three types of stressors?
a. Microstressors → Daily (traffic, school)
b. Catastrophic → unexpectedly and affect lots of people (earthquakes)
c. Negative Events → large accidents
