PSYCO282 Lecture 23: Nov.4 (Applying Punishment)
5 Nov 2016
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Negative punishment: in operant extinction, the reinforcer that was maintaining the behaviour is no longer given. In negative punishment, a reinforcer is removed or withdrawn. Time-out: person is removed from access to reinforcer. Response cost: contingent loss of a reinforcer currently possessed. Ex: child throws a tantrum, which draws his parents" attention (social reinforcer). Extinction: parents now ignore the tantrum every time it occurs. Negative punishment: child has to sit on his "naughty spot" after having a tantrum (time-out) or loses a star from his goo behaviour chart (response cost). Time-out from positive reinforcement: loss of aces to positive reinforcer following an undesirable behaviour. Non-exclusionary time-out: after an undesirable behaviour, person remains in the same room or location (the time-in), but is denied access to reinforcers. Ex: student has to put their head down in class and not participate. Contingent observation: person is denied access to reinforcers, and must observe others engaging in activities.
