CMMB 403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Hemoglobin, Histone H1, Chromatin

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rosefrog223

20 Sep 2018

School

University of Calgary

Department

Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology

Course

CMMB 403

Professor

John Cobb

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Document Summary

Simplified schematic of the key steps in the process of gene and protein expression. In the nucleus, a region of the genomic dna is seen accessible to an rna polymerase, which transcribes an exact complementary copy of the gene in the form of a single- stranded nuclear rna molecule. The gene is now said to be (cid:1688)expressed(cid:1689) The nrna (nuclear rna) transcript undergoes processing to make a finalized messenger rna strand, which is transported outside of the nucleus. Step 3: transport of mrna out of nucleus. Mrna complexes with a ribosome, and its information is translated into an ordered polymer of amino acids. This polypeptide adopts secondary and tertiary structures through proper folding and potential modifications. Modifications include the addition of a carbohydrate group, for example. The protein is now said to be (cid:1688)expressed(cid:1689) and can carry out its specific function. Example of specific function is: as a transmembrane receptor.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

CMMB 403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Hemoglobin, Histone H1, Chromatin

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