KNES 259 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Axon Terminal, Schwann Cell, Multiple Sclerosis
6 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Nerves and muscles are excitable tissues which can undergo rapid changes in membrane potential. High surface area for receiving as much stimuli as possible. Specifically customized receptors on the dendrites to receive different types of stimuli (pressure, heat, pain, etc. ) Axon hillock: meeting of cell body and axon. Axon terminal synapses with dendrites or effector organ. A breakdown in myelin can cause multiple sclerosis. Schwann cells in pns can guide cut axons back together. Oligodendrocytes in cns actually do the opposite (prevent regeneration of cut nerves) Both move along a microtubule rail in the axon of the neuron. Kinesins: move away from cell body (anteretrograde) and carry nutrients, organelles, etc. Dyneins: move toward cell body (retrograde) and carry recycled vesicles, hormones, etc. Na+/k+ pump the differences in permeability and concentrations of ions. Increased permeability to k+ (tends to slowly leak out of the cell) Impermeability of anions inside cell to leave (too large)
