BIOC 2580 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Glycomics, Glycome, Metabolome
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13 Jan 2017
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Plant and animal worlds were composed of compounds rich in the elements carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. The breakdown of glucose in yeast and muscle cells involved the same 10 chemical intermediates and the same 10 enzymes. Less than 30 of the more than 90 naturally occurring elements are essential to organisms. The four most abundant elements in living organisms, in terms of percentage of total number of atoms, are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon; together they make up more than 99% of the mass of most cells. They are the lightest elements capable of efficiently forming one, two, three, and four bonds, respectively; in general, the lightest element form the strongest bonds. Biomolecules are compounds of carbon with a variety of functional groups. The chemistry of living organisms is organized around carbon, which accounts for more than half the dry weight of cells. The double bond is shorter (0. 134nm) and rigid, only allowing limited rotation about its axis.
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