FARE 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Molecular Genetics, Stop Codon, Start Codon

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics
• Course: FARE 1040
• Professor: Glenn Fox

Document Summary

One gene one polypeptide - the hypothesis that each gene is unique and codes for the synthesis of a single polypeptide; the restated version of the one gene--one enzyme hypothesis. Central dogma- the fundamental principle of molecular genetics, which states that genetic information flows from dna to rna to proteins. Why does protein synthesis have to happen the way it does: dna is stored in the nucleus, proteins are made in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. Why can"t dna leave: dna is too valuable, proteins are required in large amounts, once used by the ribosome, dna has to re-enter. Therefore, mrna is used: dna is transcribed into a complementary rna message, copies are made and delivered to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, ribosomes then then translate the message to make a polypeptide chain. So protein synthesis is divided into 2 processes: transcription creating an rna strand, translation amino acids assemble based on rna.