MICR 2420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Shower, Phylogenomics, Ribosomal Rna

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27 Jun 2018

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Chapter 21

Microbial Ecology

Dr. Ajila Chandran

Joan L. Slonczewski and John W. Foster

Microbiology:

An Evolving Science

FOURTH EDITION

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21.1 Metagenomes—and Beyond

21.2 Functional Ecology

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How do microbes grow…

together?

•The study of microbial ecology is the study of how microbes

function within an ecosystem

•Also spans the study of their effects on all organisms within

the ecosystem (including humans!)

•An ecosystem is a collection of populations of species + their

habitat

•A population is a group of species living in a common location

•The sum of all the populations of different species constitutes a

community

•A niche is a set of conditions enabling an organism to grow and

reproduce

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Document Summary

Norman pace, father of metagenomics, and his graduate students, used rrna sequencing to characterize a shower curtain biofilm. How do microbes contribute to ecosystems: utilize their collectively diverse metabolisms to acquire energy and assimilate elements into biomass, detoxify wastes, protect symbiotic partners from predation and/or hostile environments, as endosymbionts, can modulate a host"s development and behavior. Unique microbial metabolism provides unique roles for microbes in ecosystems: every molecule in nature can be used as a source of carbon or energy by a microorganism somewhere, microbes are every. What factors most influence the ecosystem: availability of water (liquid, liquid water is essential to all known life, thus, h2o availability is tightly linked to. Temperature, ph and salinity: especially in extreme environments, these factors make life possible, availability of oxygen (or other electron acceptors, the flow of electrons determines how nutrients can be assimilated and dissimilated.

Related Questions

Case Study Section 2 â glycolysis
Based on âMonday at the Metabolic Clinic, Adventures in Glycolysisâ by Nancy Boury (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

Background:
You have been chosen for a very competitive undergraduate clinical internship at St. Visintainerâs Hospital and Metabolic Clinic working with Dr. Saccharo, an expert in enzyme deficiency disorders related to glycolysis. Before your first day Dr. Saccharo has asked that you review the reactions of glycolysis and the concept of isoenzymes.

Recall that isoenzymes are groups of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction in that they use the same reactants to product the same products. They may have different genes, tissue expression, developmental timing of expression, and affinities for their substrates. As an example, phosphofructokinase-1 has 3 isoenzyme forms: PFK-L is expressed in the liver and the gene is found on chromosome 21; PFK-M is expressed in the muscle and the gene is found on chromosome 12; and PFK-P is expressed in platelets and the gene is found on chromosome 10.

Question 1:
If a person would be deficient in all 3 forms of PFK-1, this person would .
A. Have lower than normal glycogen stores.
B. Have more mitochondrial activity than normal.
C. Be dead.
D. Produce more energy per glucose molecule because glycolysis would be unregulated.

It is now Monday morning and you are ready to start seeing patients with Dr. Saccharo.

peachdonkey87

Case Study Section 2 â glycolysis
Based on âMonday at the Metabolic Clinic, Adventures in Glycolysisâ by Nancy Boury (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

Question 4:
If you wanted to test the ability of red blood cells to complete glycolysis what compound would you try to detect?
A. Fructose-6-phosphate
B. Aldolase
C. Pyruvate
D. Phosphofructokinase
E. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

greencrab122

Case Study Section 2 â glycolysis
Based on âMonday at the Metabolic Clinic, Adventures in Glycolysisâ by Nancy Boury (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

Patient 1:
Ann is a teenager and avid golfer who was referred to the clinic after being refused at the blood drive and tiring easily on the high school golf course during practice. Ann is examined and a blood sample was obtained for analysis of a glycolysis related metabolic panel. The results of her panel is below (levels: + = normal, - = decreased; ++= increased):
Blood Metabolic Panel
Blood Glucose +
Glucose-6-phosphate ++
Fructose-6-phosphate ++
Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate ++
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ++
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ++
Phosphoenolpyruvate ++
Pyruvate -
ATP -
Red Blood Cell Concentration -

Question 2:
Assuming that Dr. Saccharo is correctly assuming that Ann has a defect in glycolysis, what glycolytic enzyme is the most likely to have the defect based on the blood metabolic profile?
A. Hexokinase
B. Phosphofructokinase
C. Triose Phosphate Isomerase
D. Pyruvate Kinase
E. Aldolase

maroonfly372

MICR 2420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Shower, Phylogenomics, Ribosomal Rna

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