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MICR 3220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Rhizosphere, Root Cap, Rhizobacteria

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rubylocust666
15 Jan 2019
School
University of Guelph
Department
Microbiology
Course
MICR 3220
Professor
Paul Goodwin

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Document Summary

Friday november 9 t h: rhizosphere, roots: 30-50% of respiration is related to the microbes in the rhizosphere, the remaining % occurs because of the roots, distribution: roots grow fast. Fungi: hyphae will grow in and around the root surface: as microorganism populations increase, there is an increase in symbiosis and antagonism. Competition can act as a form of biocontrol. Saprotrophs: do not damage the roots and are not pathogens, so what effect do they have on the plant: can grow plants under sterile conditions, this indicates that we do not need to have microorganisms around the roots. These effects are due to different toxic compounds that these microorganisms secrete (such as waste products: detrimental effects, denitrification: poor aeration causes low levels of oxygen in the soil which is bad for respiration for microorganisms. Instead of using oxygen, they will use nitrate.

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Related Questions

True or False????? HELP

1. In the field of epidemiology, increased prevalence of a disease in a population is the universal signal that disease control and treatment are not effective.

2. Cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes typically contain more proteins than cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryotes microorganisms.
3. Sanger (or dideoxy) DNA sequencing produces relatively short DNA sequence data, but is by far the least expensive DNA sequencing method currently available.
4. The (italicizes) abbreviation lac Z refers explicitly to the beta galactosidase protein/ enzyme.
5. Archaeal pathogens have been linked to some of the most virulent infectious diseases. 6. A bacterial mutant that is unable to make an amino acid required for growth (relative to its wild-type strain is termed an auxotroph.
7. When counting plaques to enumerate phage particles (as in the BIOL2026 Laboratory), the plaque represents lacK, not presence, of bacterial growth.
8. Because of competition with plant roots for nutrients, microbial numbers in the rhizosphere are typically much lower than in surrounding bulk soil.
9. Chemolithoautotrophy is the strategy that facilitates the existence of biological communities deep beneath the earth’s surface and near hydrothermal vents.

10. In a primary treatment (1 °) system of a municipal sewage/ wastewater treatment plant, the main goal is to remove ammonium (NH4+) using specific bacterial enrichment cultures.
11. The small intestine in human is the main site of microbial breakdown of partially digested food.
12. Root nodules of legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
13. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves using/ removing electrons from H2O.
14. Algae and Cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light- reaction of photosynthesis.
15. In bacteria, the only known reason proton motive force is generated is to power ATP synthase in cellular respiration/ oxidative phosphorylation.
16. Anaerobic respiration is only carried out by prokaryotes, however fermentation can be carried out by both prokaryote and eukaryal microorganism.

17. The general structure and biochemical “motors” of flagella are similar between Bacteria and eukaryotic cells, but fundamentally different in the Archaea.
18. Antibiotic resistance genes appeared in microbes (for the first time ever) only after human .. producing and releasing massive amounts of antibiotics to the environment.
19. Experiment by Esther Lederberg, and then later by Luria and Delbruck (that won them a Nobel prize), illustrated that genetic mutations in bacteria arose in the absence of selective pressures, rather than in response to selection.
20. Quaternary sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to sense other bacteria and regulate gene expression accordingly (e.g. In the case of expressing the liac operon or initiating EPS production in biofilms).