NUTR 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Glycogen Synthase, Insulin, Citric Acid Cycle
4 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Cellulose and lactose are resistant so are alpha 1-6 bonds. Alpha amylase digestion continues until ph drops. Alpha 1-6 bonds lead to iso-maltose production. Very efficient nearly all digestible cho absorbed by the end of the jejunum. Fate of glucose: some leaks back into intestinal lumen, most absorbed into body. Active transport system for glucose and galactose: sglt1 on apical side, glut2 on basolateral side. Facilitated transport for fructose: glut5 on apical surface, glut2 on basolateral surface. Glucose = primary source of energy for cells. Carbohydrates spare proteins: prevents breakdown of protein for energy, allows protein to concentrate on building, repairing and maintaining body tissue. Prevents ketosis: when carbs are limited fat can be broken down for energy, this creates ketone bodies and makes the body acidic (throws off blood ph values) Primary source of energy for the brain. Ensure the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut (non-digestible, fermentable carbohydrates)
