POLS 3650 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Elementary Mathematics, Univariate, Standard Deviation

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Political Science
• Course: POLS 3650
• Professor: Edward Koning

Document Summary

Decimals: non-integer numbers (not whole numbers) e. g. 0. 3, 0. 25, 0. 4. The upper (first) number is called the nominator, the lower number the. Nominators and denominators are integers not decimals, e. g. (cid:2869). (cid:2873)(cid:2873)= (cid:2871)(cid:2869)(cid:2868) The fraction is expressed with the smallest possible integer numbers, e. g. (cid:2874)(cid:2869)(cid:2868)=(cid:2871)(cid:2873: e. g. (cid:2869)(cid:2871)+(cid:2869)(cid:2873)= (cid:2873)(cid:2869)(cid:2873)+ (cid:2871)(cid:2869)(cid:2873)= 8(cid:2869)(cid:2873) and (cid:2872)(cid:2873) (cid:2869)(cid:2870)= 8(cid:2869)(cid:2868) (cid:2873)(cid:2869)(cid:2868)= (cid:2871)(cid:2869)(cid:2868, (cid:2870)(cid:2871) (cid:2870)(cid:2873)= (cid:2872)(cid:2869)(cid:2873, (cid:2871)(cid:2872) (cid:2869)(cid:2873)=(cid:2871)(cid:2872) (cid:2873)(cid:2869)=(cid:2869)(cid:2873)(cid:2872)=3(cid:2871)(cid:2872) For adding & subtracting the denominator needs to be identical, if not it will not. Multiplying = multiply both nominator and denominator. Calculating with fractions can be confusing work, so we must find common denominators. The order of operations determines in which order the calculations in an equation should proceed. Follow bedmas: brackets: (, exponents: 23 or 93, multiplication & division: 2*3 or 5 24, addition & subtraction: 1+4 or 7-3. We will encounter many first-degree equations in this course, in particular: