PSYC 2740 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Learned Helplessness, Explanatory Style
31 May 2018
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CHAPTER 12
• Cognition
o Objectifying
o Personalizing
• 3 levels of cognition
o perception
▪ field dependence
• rod and frame test
o field dependent
▪ influenced by environment
▪ detail
o field independent
▪ not influenced by environment
▪ big picture
• influence
o major
▪ fd- social sciences
▪ fi- natural sciences
o interpersonal skills
▪ fd- strong
▪ fi- weak
o success on job
▪ fd- police good at shooting in chases
▪ fi- police bad at shooting in chases
▪ pain tolerance
• reducer/augmenter theory
o low pain tolerance
▪ augmented pain
o high pain tolerance
▪ reduced pain
▪ clinical example
• BPD vs no BPD- pain tolerance when calm and stressed
o Patients with BPD
▪ Less physical pain when calm and when stressed
▪ May explain why they self injure more often when
in distress
o Interpretation
▪ Kelly’s contributions
• Personal constructs
o One’s reality
• Post modernism
o Every person and every culture has a unique version of
reality
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