BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Cell Membrane, Active Transport, Cellular Respiration

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erinchimpanzee657

13 May 2017

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1000

Professor

Kevin G.Scott

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Document Summary

Cells expend energy in the active transport of a solute. Active transport = a cell must expend energy to move a solute against its concentration gradient: across a membrane towards the side where the solute is more concentrated . 5. 9 cells transform energy as they perform work. Forms of energy: : energy = the capacity to cause change or perform work o kinetic energy = energy of motion. Heat/thermal energy = type of kinetic energy associated with random movements of atoms/molecules: light is also a type of kinetic energy powers photosynthesis, potential energy = energy that matter possesses as a result of its location/structure. Molecules possess potential energy because of the arrangement of electrons in the bonds between their atoms. Chemical energy = potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction. Most important type of energy for living organisms . Transformed to power the work of a cell.

Related Questions

Please help! Not sure about these questions..thanks

Which can cross the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane without assistance from transport proteins?

	A.	Ions such as Na+.
	B.	Small hydrophobic molecules such as O2.
	C.	Small hydrophilic molecules such as glucose.
	D.	Any small molecule or ion.

QUESTION 2

Which transport process requires a cell to expend energy?

	A.	Moving a solute up its concentration gradient.
	B.	No transport processes require energy.
	C.	Moving a solute either up or down its concentration gradient.
	D.	Moving a solute down its concentration gradient.

QUESTION 3

Imagine a cell whose membrane is permeable to water, but impermeable to solute X. If solute X is more concentrated outside the cell than inside, which way will water move by osmosis?

	A.	Water will not move in either direction, in or out of the cell.
	B.	Water will move equally in both directions, in and out of the cell.
	C.	Water will leave the cell.
	D.	Water will enter the cell.

QUESTION 4

The cellular structure that encloses the DNA/genes is the

		ribosome.
		plasma membrane.
		nucleus.
		mitochondrion.

QUESTION 5

The part of metabolism that builds larger, more complex molecules or structures from smaller, simpler components is

	A.	anabolism.
	B.	catabolism.
	C.	catalysis.
	D.	hydrolysis.

QUESTION 6

In an exergonic reaction

	A.	the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is absorbed.
	B.	the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is released.
	C.	the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is released.
	D.	the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is absorbed.

QUESTION 16

What is the function of tRNA molecules?

The A-P-E sites of the ribosome are made out of tRNA molecules

tRNAs transfer the ribosome onto the 5' cap of an mRNA molecule

tRNAs catalyze the formation of new peptide bonds

tRNAs form covalent bonds between the ribosome and the mRNA

tRNAs bring amino acids to specific codons

QUESTION 17

What's the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Only primary active transport requires energy

Only in primary active transport does a solute move against its concentration gradient

Primary active transport can only move a single ion, while secondary transport moves two ions simultaneously

Primary transport is used for larger solutes, while secondary transport is used for smaller molecules

Primary transport uses ATP-powered pumps, while secondary transport uses energy indirectly

QUESTION 18

When do beta cells release insulin into your bloodstream?

		When you are very hungry
		When blood sugar levels are high
		When high levels of glycogen initiate the relase of insulin-containing vesicles
		When a G-coupled receptor on the beta cells binds to insulin
		When adrenaline binds to a beta cell receptor tyrosine kinase

1 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) CO₂ and O₂ can diffuse freely across the cell membranes.

(b) The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content.

(d) Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell.

2 Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which of the following ions is the most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell?

(a) Na⁺

(b) K⁺

(d) Cl^â

3 Pumps are transporters that are able to harness energy provided by other components in the cells and drive the movement of solutes across membranes, against their concentration gradient. This type of transport is called _____________.

(a) active transport.

(b) free diffusion.

(d) passive transport.

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BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Cell Membrane, Active Transport, Cellular Respiration

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