BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Goitre, Scientific Control, Covalent Bond
2 Jul 2018
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Tuesday, January 16, 2018
BIOL 1000-THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
1.13 THEME: LIFE DEPENDS ON THE TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION OF EN-
ERGY AND MATTER:
•Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction like entering as sunlight, converted
to chemical energy by producers, passed on to consumers and exiting as heat.
•Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of matter like from the atmosphere and soil,
through producers, consumers and decomposers and then back to the environment.
•The study of life extends from the microscopic scale of the molecules and cells that make
up an organism to the global scale of the living planet.
•Using the approach called ‘systems biology’ scientists attempt to model the behaviour of
biological systems by analyzing the interactions among their parts.
•Emergent properties are the result of interactions between the components of a system.
1.14 THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE:
•When carbon dioxide is added to the water or is dissolved in it, the mixture reacts with it-
self and causes the formation of an acid thus making water acidic.
•Life evolves around water and all creatures living on this planet need water to survive
and cells in the human body consist of 70% water.
1.15 ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF ELEMENTS, USUALLY COMBINED INTO
COMPOUNDS:
•All things either living or dead; are composed of matter which is defined as anything
that occupies space and mass in physical states like solid, liquid and gas.
•Matter is then composed of elements which is defined as a substance that cannot be bro-
ken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means. All the four elements (earth, air, wa-
ter and fire) make up about 96% of the weight of most living organisms.
•On the other hand, a compound is a substance consisting of two or more different ele-
ments in a fixed ratio, like water has a ratio of 2:1, which means 2 parts hydrogen and 1 part oxy-
gen.
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Document Summary
1. 13 theme: life depends on the transfer and transformation of en- Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction like entering as sunlight, converted to chemical energy by producers, passed on to consumers and exiting as heat. Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of matter like from the atmosphere and soil, through producers, consumers and decomposers and then back to the environment. The study of life extends from the microscopic scale of the molecules and cells that make up an organism to the global scale of the living planet. Using the approach called systems biology" scientists attempt to model the behaviour of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among their parts. Emergent properties are the result of interactions between the components of a system. When carbon dioxide is added to the water or is dissolved in it, the mixture reacts with it- self and causes the formation of an acid thus making water acidic.
