BIOL 1030 Lecture Notes - Starch, Meiosis, Chloroplast
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture 21: Microorganisms 3
Excavata: small protist (Euglena move by flagella, with an eyespot to orient light
source, with a pellicle, nucleus, chloroplast, contractile vacuole)!
"Chromalveolata: alveolata (DNA sequenced members) secondary endosymbiosis of
red algae to become photosynthetic; eukaryotic cell engulfs a cyanobacterium, the green and
red algae, which are engulfed by another organism.!
•Brown algae: rock-weed, mostly single-celled, found in large colonies (agar,
nurseries for fish and in food), with a complex life-cycle!
•Dinoflagella; two flagellum, plankton that can make fish toxic!
•Diatoms: box with lid, grooves and pores, thin glass-like, sliding!
-rise and fall with sunlight (astrionella)!
-Can be colonial, heterotrophs!
"Rhizaria: grouped together due to DNA similarities, thin extensions of cell pseudopodia
for feeding and movement, can have photosynthetic organelles!
"Unikonta: closest related to Fungi and Animals (consisting of slime moulds), with
massive nuclei, and undergo sexual reproduction; amoeba, pseudopodia are broad;
pathogenic organisms (harder to treat as they become more closely related to the infected.!
"Archaeplastida: closest related to land plants!
•Red algae: aquatic, chlorophytes and charophytes!
•Green algae: !
•Caulerpa: coenocytic, one supercell, without cell walls!
•Spirogyra: filaments with joined cells!
•Pedastrum: H-shaped, lots of chloroplasts!
•Volvox: hollow ball of cells, new colonies forming inside (spinning by
flagella)!
•Ulva: multicellular thallus, without roots, stems or leaves (sea lettuce,
anchoring to bottom of water body)!
•Charophytes: lacking internal cellular organization, are autotrophic,
photosynthetic, spiralled, ribbon-shaped chloroplasts.!
•Chlamydomonas: similar to plant cells, model cell use in research (genetics,
ps, etc.) and can reproduce sexually!
Haplontic Life Cycle is dominant:!
-Start haploid and spores are produced by mitosis!
•Stage 1: more haploid zoospore cells are released!
-Asexual spore: produced by mitosis (genetically identical)!
-Sexual spore: produced by meiosis, and fuse to produce a zygote (the only 2n stage).!
•With favourable conditions can undergo meiosis, sexual reproduction!
-Isogamy: opposite mate type gametes are morphologically identical (lookalike)!
•Genetically distinguishable!
•Types are positive and negative, not male and female!
Cell structure: !
-Cellulose, carbs, proteins!
-Rigid, fully formed; permeable to water, gases and minerals!
-Movement in and out is controlled by the plasma membrane!
Plant Vacuole:
-Storage of energy, water and organic compounds!
-Water movement into the cell (turgor pressure, opposed by the wall).!
Pyrenoids (in algae, but not higher plants):!
-In chloroplasts, in charge of synthesizing starch (cosmarium).!
‘Green’ organisms: single-celled thalloid level of organization, !
-primary photosynthetic prokaryotes and protists, leading to !
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
11
BIOL 1030 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
11 documents
Document Summary
Unikonta: closest related to fungi and animals (consisting of slime moulds), with. Start haploid and spores are produced by mitosis: stage 1: more haploid zoospore cells are released. Asexual spore: produced by mitosis (genetically identical) Sexual spore: produced by meiosis, and fuse to produce a zygote (the only 2n stage): with favourable conditions can undergo meiosis, sexual reproduction. Isogamy: opposite mate type gametes are morphologically identical (lookalike: genetically distinguishable, types are positive and negative, not male and female. Rigid, fully formed; permeable to water, gases and minerals. Movement in and out is controlled by the plasma membrane. Storage of energy, water and organic compounds. Water movement into the cell (turgor pressure, opposed by the wall). In chloroplasts, in charge of synthesizing starch (cosmarium). Primary photosynthetic prokaryotes and protists, leading to. Land plants (bryophytes and vascular plants), evolved from green algae ancestors similar to charophytes. By dna sequence similarities and appear and function similarly.
