PSY 213 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Gene Pool, Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, Metacognition
Chapter 8 – Intelligence & Academic Achievement PSY 213
MAR/18
What is intelligence?
Measuring intelligence
IQ scores as predictors of important outcomes
Genes, enviro, + the devel’ of intelligence
Alt. perspectives on intelligence
Acquisition of academic skills: Reading, writing, + mathematics
Themes
-Nature + nurture
-The active child
-Continuity/discontinuity
-The sociocultural context
-Individual differences
-Research + children’s welfare
The Study of Intelligence
Following Binet’s lead in 1904, research on intelligence has focused on individual differences
-Research in this are raised many of the most controversial issues about human nature
-The roles of heredity + enviro
-Influence of ethnic + racial differences
-Effects of wealth + poverty
-Possibility of improvement
-What is intelligence?
-Single trait? A few basic abilities? A variety of processes?
What is Intelligence? Intelligence as a Single Trait
Almost all intellectual task performance is
+vely correlated
Measures of g correlates
-Each individual possesses a certain
amount of g (gen. intelligence)
-This part of intelligence is common to
all intellectual tasks
-Indicators of school achievement
-Info-processing speed
-Speed of neural transmission in the
brain
-Brain volume
-Knowledge of subjects not studied in
school
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Chapter 8 – Intelligence & Academic Achievement PSY 213
MAR/18
Intelligence as a Few Basic Abilities
The simplest such view holds that there are
two types of intelligence
Each type of intelligence
Crystalized intelligence
-Factual knowledge about the world
that increases w/age
Fluid intelligence
-Ability to think on the spot to solve
problems that decline slowly after
adulthood
-Correlates more highly w/each other
than w/measures of other types of
intelligence
-Different devel’ trajectories
What is Intelligence? Intelligence as a Few Basic Abilities
More differentiated view:
seven primary mental abilities
Crystalized/fluid intelligence Other views
-Word fluency, verbal
meaning, reasoning,
spatial visualization,
numbering, rote
memory, + perceptual
speed
-Offers greater
simplicity; seven
primary mental
abilities model offers
greater precision
-See intelligence as
comprising numerous
distinct processes for
taking
-Info-processing
analyses –
remembering,
generalizing,
planning, reasoning,
forming concepts,
solving problems,
encoding, associating,
generating, applying
strategies, etc.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Chapter 8 – Intelligence & Academic Achievement PSY 213
MAR/18
An Integrated Model of Intelligence
John Carroll proposed an integration of competing views of intelligence in his three-stratum
theory of intelligence
Measuring Intelligence: Contents of Intelligence Tests
Measures of intelligence must be based on observable b’
-Modern intelligence tests, like Binet’s assessment, observe peoples actions on tasks that
require a variety of types of intelligence
Intelligence tests measure somewhat different aspects of intelligence in children of different ages
+ cultures
-They have their greatest success + widest application w/older preschoolers + older
children
-Most tests are based on western, industrialized samples
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Acquisition of academic skills: reading, writing, + mathematics. Following binet"s lead in 1904, research on intelligence has focused on individual differences. Research in this are raised many of the most controversial issues about human nature. Each individual possesses a certain amount of g (gen. intelligence) This part of intelligence is common to all intellectual tasks. Knowledge of subjects not studied in school. The simplest such view holds that there are. Each type of intelligence two types of intelligence. Factual knowledge about the world than w/measures of other types of that increases w/age intelligence. Ability to think on the spot to solve problems that decline slowly after adulthood. See intelligence as meaning, reasoning, simplicity; seven comprising numerous spatial visualization, primary mental distinct processes for numbering, rote abilities model offers taking memory, + perceptual greater precision. Info-processing speed analyses remembering, generalizing, planning, reasoning, forming concepts, solving problems, encoding, associating, generating, applying strategies, etc.
