AFM102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Opportunity Cost, Fixed Cost, Variable Cost
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Name the definitions given below:
______________ | 1. | Technique that examines changes inprofits in response to changes in sales volumes, costs, andprices. |
______________ | 2. | Percent by which the selling price (orrevenue) per unit exceeds the variable cost per unit, orcontribution margin as a percent of revenue. |
______________ | 3. | Diagram of the relationship betweentotal revenues and total costs; illustrates how an organization’sprofits are expected to change under different volumes ofactivity. |
______________ | 4. | Index of the extent to which the costfunction is made up of fixed costs. |
______________ | 5. | Total revenue minus total variable costs. |
______________ | 6. | Proportion of different products or services that anorganization sells. |
______________ | 7. | Excess of an organization’s expectedfuture sales (in either revenue or units) above the breakevenpoint. |
______________ | 8. | The level of activity where equal costor profit occurs across multiple alternatives. |
______________ | 9. | Selling price per unit minus variablecost per unit. |
______________ 10. | Level of operating activity at whichrevenues cover all fixed and variable costs and there is noprofit. | |
______________ 11. | Margin of safety as a percentage ofactual or estimated sales (units or revenues). | |
______________ 12. | A systematic tendency for people to beoverly optimistic about the outcomes of their plans andprojects. | |
Name the definitions given below:
______________ | 1. | Technique that examines changes inprofits in response to changes in sales volumes, costs, andprices. |
______________ | 2. | Percent by which the selling price (orrevenue) per unit exceeds the variable cost per unit, orcontribution margin as a percent of revenue. |
______________ | 3. | Diagram of the relationship betweentotal revenues and total costs; illustrates how an organization’sprofits are expected to change under different volumes ofactivity. |
______________ | 4. | Index of the extent to which the costfunction is made up of fixed costs. |
______________ | 5. | Total revenue minus total variable costs. |
______________ | 6. | Proportion of different products or services that anorganization sells. |
______________ | 7. | Excess of an organization’s expectedfuture sales (in either revenue or units) above the breakevenpoint. |
______________ | 8. | The level of activity where equal costor profit occurs across multiple alternatives. |
______________ | 9. | Selling price per unit minus variablecost per unit. |
______________ 10. | Level of operating activity at whichrevenues cover all fixed and variable costs and there is noprofit. | |
______________ 11. | Margin of safety as a percentage ofactual or estimated sales (units or revenues). | |
______________ 12. | A systematic tendency for people to beoverly optimistic about the outcomes of their plans andprojects. | |
1) All of the following are examples of product costs except:
depreciation on the company's administrative offices.
salary of the plant manager.
insurance on the factory equipment.
rental costs of the factory facility.
2) Period costs:
are treated as expenses in the period they are incurred
are directly traceable to products
include direct labor
are also referred to as manufacturing overhead costs
.
3) Axle and Wheel Manufacturing currently produces 1,000 axles per month. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers:
Direct materials $30
Direct manufacturing labor 5
Variable manufacturing overhead 10
Fixed manufacturing overhead 40
Total manufacturing costs $85
The plant has capacity for 2,000 axles and is considering expanding production to 1,500 axles. What is the total cost of producing 1,500 axles?
a. $85,000
b. $170,000
c. $107,500
d. $102,500
4) In the preparation of the schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured, the accountant incorrectly included as part of manufacturing overhead the rental expense on the firm's retail facilities. This inclusion would:
overstate period expenses on the income statement.
overstate the cost of goods sold on the income statement.
understate the cost of goods manufactured.
have no effect on the cost of goods manufactured.
5) In CVP analysis, focusing on target net income rather than operating income:
a. will increase the breakeven point
b. will decrease the breakeven point
c. will not change the breakeven point
d. does not allow calculation of breakeven point
6) A variable cost is constant if expressed on a per unit basis but the total dollar amount changes as the number of units increases or decreases.
a. True
b. False
7) As activity increases within the relevant range, fixed costs remain constant on a per unit basis.
a. True
b. False
8) Which of the following statements is correct with regard to a CVP graph?
A CVP graph shows the maximum possible profit.
A CVP graph shows the break-even point as the intersection of the total sales revenue line and the total expense line.
A CVP graph assumes that total expense varies in direct proportion to unit sales.
A CVP graph shows the operating leverage as the gap between total sales revenue and total expense at the actual level of sales.
9) How would the following costs be classified (product or period) under variable costing at a retail clothing store?
| Cost of purchasing clothing | Sales commissions | |
| a. | Product | Product |
| b. | Product | Period |
| c. | Period | Product |
| d. | Period | Period |
10) The principal difference between variable costing and absorption costing centers on:
whether variable manufacturing costs should be included as product costs.
whether fixed manufacturing costs should be included as product costs.
whether fixed manufacturing costs and fixed selling and administrative costs should be included as product costs.
none of these.
11) Joe has a hot dog cart that he parks on the NY sidewalk and sells hotdogs during the day. The variable cost of a hot dog is $.90. The selling price of the hot dog is $2.00. The fixed cost is $3,000 per month which covers the loan for the cart and the salary Joe needs to make to live. How many hotdogs must Joe sell in one month in order to break even?
3,300 hot dogs
3,000 hot dogs
2,727.27 hot dogs
2,728 hot dogs
12) Shun Corporation manufactures and sells a hand held calculator. The following information relates to Shun's operations for last year:
| Unit product cost under variable costing.......................... | $5.20 per unit | |
| Fixed manufacturing overhead cost for the year.............. | $260,000 | |
| Fixed selling and administrative cost for the year............ | $180,000 | |
| Units (calculators) produced and sold.............................. | 400,000 |
What is Shun's unit product cost under absorption costing for last year?
$4.10
$4.55
$5.85
$6.30.
Use the following information to answer questions 13 to 15:
Barnett Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company adds materials at the beginning of the process in Department M. Conversion costs were 75% complete with respect to the 4,000 units in work in process at May 1 and 50% complete with respect to the 6,000 units in work in process at May 31. During May, 14,000 units were started, 12,000 units were completed and transferred to the next department.
13) Calculate the number of equivalent units for materials.
10,000 units
12,000 units
14,000 units
15,000 units
18,000 units
14) Calculate the number of equivalent units for conversion?
10,000 units
12,000 units
14,000 units
15,000 units
18,000 units
15) An analysis of the costs relating to work in process at May 1 and to production activity for May follows:
| Materials | Conversion | ||
| Work in process 5/1....................... | $13,800 | $3,740 | |
| Costs added during May................ | $42,000 | $26,260 |
The total cost per equivalent unit for May was:
$5.02
$5.10
$5.12
$5.25
