BIOL130 Lecture 8: membranes

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lilacotter571

29 Oct 2015

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL130

Professor

Niels C Bols

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Document Summary

The central dogma is the process of converting dna to rna and from their into a functional protein. Recall from unit 2 that rna has ribose (oh) as it"s sugar group, while dna has deoxyribose (h). This can be identified on the 2nd carbon of the sugar ring. Dna forms a helical structure held together by hydrogen bonding, where rna has a loop structure (replication on the same strand) There are many types of rna that have multiple roles. mrna: code for proteins, rrna: catalyze protein synthesis, mirnas: regulate gene expression, trnas: serve as adaptors between mrna and amino acids during protein synthesis. Soon after transcription begins, the sigma factor dissociates. This recognition properly orientates rna polymerase for transcription at the start point: many promoters recognized by rna pol ii include a sequence called a tata box (30 bp upstream) Rna polymerases: there is one type of rna polymerase in prokaryotes where in eukaryotes there is three distinct types:

Related Questions

DNA Structure and Function LabReport

DNA Structure
Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?

Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.

Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?

List the three components of a nucleotide.

DNA Replication
What is the purpose of DNA replication?

How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?

In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.

Original	New
C
A
G
T

RNA Structure

Describe the structure and function of RNA.

Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.

DNA	RNA
C
A
G
T

Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.

	DNA	RNA
Sugars
Bases
Strands

RNA Synthesis

The process of assembling RNA is called _________.

How is replication different from transcription?

Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3â end of the DNA strand and the 5â end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.

DNA

3â

5â

mRNA

5â

3â

Protein Synthesis

What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?

If a mRNA strand has the bases 5â CUC 3â, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.

Where in the cell does translation occur?

Genes

What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?

Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Gene Cloning

What is the function of a plasmid?

Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.

raspberrydeer652

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

Which type of RNA is unique to eukaryotes?

		mRNA
		rRNA
		tRNA
		snRNA
		Its a trick, all cells have all four types of RNA.

1 points

QUESTION 2

The region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is the:

		origin
		promoter
		enhancer
		none of the above are correct

1 points

QUESTION 3

Holoenzyme:

		is RNA polymerase core enzyme.
		is sigma factor.
		is core plus sigma factor.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these is formed FIRST when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter?

		The closed promoter complex
		The open promoter complex
		A rho-independent terminator
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 5

A hairpin loop followed by a run of Us:

		is the sequence formed in the sense strand of a gene using a rho-independent terminator.
		is the sequence recognized by the rho protein.
		is the structure formed in RNA that causes rho-independent termination.
		is formed immediately after the open promoter complex is formed.

1 points

QUESTION 6

RNA polymerase:

		reads the template strand of the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
		synthesizes the RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
		can begin transcription without a primer.
		all of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

		Bacteria like E. coli have only one type of sigma factor.
		RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity.
		The promoter of a gene is upstream of the RNA-coding region.
		Bacterial transcriptional terminators are copied into RNA to cause termination.

1 points

QUESTION 8

If the template strand of a gene has the sequence 5' ATGCGAT 3', then:

		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUGCGAU 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' UAGCGUA 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUCGCAU 3'.
		None of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 9

The sense strand:

		is the lagging strand
		is also the template strand.
		always goes left to right.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Which of these is transcribed but not translated?

		mRNA
		tRNA
		rRNA
		all of the above
		tRNA and rRNA are transcribed but not translated.

please help i am a bit confused

BIOL130 Lecture 8: membranes

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