BIOL150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Hydrolysis, Threonine
14 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Single celled organisms, social life" yeast mating! Multicellular organisms, coordination of: development, growth with environment, day to day physiology. Signal molecule synthesized and released by signal cell. Signal binds to receptor protein on/in target cell. Changes in protein activity (activation / inactivation); changes in. Changes in cell shape, movement, metabolism, secretion . Typical cell expresses many types of receptors, each present in gene expression tens to hundreds of thousands of copies. The same signal can cause different responses, depending on the target cell. A cell"s response can be fast or slow. The location of the receptor can (usually) be predicted by the chemistry of the signal molecule. Small hydrophobic signal molecules typically enter the cell and regulate gene transcription. Steroids are evolutionarily related: their receptors are membranes of nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Most signals bind to receptors on plasma membrane. Second messenger: small (non-protein) molecules that relay signals from cell surface receptors to target molecules within the cell.
