BIOL240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Osmotic Concentration, Flagellin, Motility
16 Nov 2016
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Learning objectives: an introduction to the morphology and structure of bacteria. Bacteria come in different shapes (morphologies): coccus, rod, spirillum, spirochaete, appendaged, filamentous. For a discussion of large bacteria, see the review published by schulz and j rgensen published in annual review of microbiology (see pdf in lecture folder). The cytoplasm of a bacterial cells contain many different molecules and internal components (table 2. 1), the largest of which is the nucleoid. Bacterial cells may also contain other inclusion bodies such as gas vesicles and carboxysomes. (figure 2. 7) The plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. (figure 2. 9) these proteins have various functions including nutrient transport, energy capture and sensory systems. (figures 2. 11, 2. 12) In addition to a plasma membrane, most bacteria also have a semi-rigid cell wall. Collectively, all of these layers are referred to as the cell envelope. The cell wall of bacteria is made of a thin sheet called peptidoglycan.
