CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Molar Mass, Thermodynamics, Hydrolysis

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grayelephant135

15 Mar 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM101

Professor

Dr.Singh

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Document Summary

It is closely related to the law of conservation of energy but allows for transaction of energy by heating as well as by doing work. The entropy of an isolated system tends to increase. Entropy will be zero for a system with only one possible descripion (s = k ln w) when w = 1. Third law of thermodynamics: a pure, perfect crystal at 0 k has zero entropy. S(pure, perfect crystal; t = 0 k) = 0. S is never 0 at any temp above 0 k. Gibbs free energy (g) a state funcion that allows us to determine if a reacion is product-favoured without separately calculaing the entropy of the system and the entropy of the surrounding. When total entropy is +, product favoured spontaneous at constant t & p. When its negative, its non spontaneous, at constant t & p. Use the standard free energy of formaion to determine the direcion of the reacion.

Related Questions

Part A) The third law of thermodynamics relates the entropy (randomness) of matter to its absolute temperature. Which of the following statements are in agreement with the third law of thermodynamics? 1.In a gaseous state, the entropy of the system is zero. 2. At the melting point, the entropy of a system increases abruptly as the compound transforms into a liquid. 3.At zero degrees kelvin, substances maximize entropy. 4.At absolute zero, the interatomic distance within a crystal is minimized. 5.In a crystalline state, there is a tendency to minimize entropy. 6.As the temperature of a perfect crystal increases, the random vibrations of the molecules decrease. Part B) Calculate the standard-state entropy for the following reaction: 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) â¶ 1 C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) (If applicable, coefficients of one have been included for clarity.) The standard entropy values are given in the table. Formula Sâ J/(Kâ mol) C6H12O6(s) 212, O2(g) 205, CO2(g) 214, H2O(l) 189

1.) For a reaction system that is at equilibrium, which of the following must always be true?
a. q = 0 b. ?S = 0 c. ?G = 0 d. ?H = 0

2.) A certain reaction is found to be reactant favored. Which of the following is a correct description of the
reaction?
a. ?GÂ° > 0, K > 1 b. ?GÂ° > 0, K < 1 c. ?GÂ° < 0, K > 1 d. ?GÂ° < 0, K < 1

3.) What does the third law of thermodynamics state?
a. It states that a substance that is perfectly crystalline at 0 K has an entropy of zero.
b. It states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
c. It states that any quantity which has a continuous differentiable symmetry in the action has an
associated conservation law.
d. It states that the increase in internal energy of a closed system is equal to the difference between
the heat supplied to the system and the work done by the system.

CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Molar Mass, Thermodynamics, Hydrolysis

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