EARTH122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Subduction, Chemosynthesis, Panspermia
12 May 2016
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Document Summary
Matter= all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space. Can be transformed from one substance to another but cannot be destroyed. An element is a fundamental type of matter. An element cannot be broken down into other substances. Atoms= smallest components atomic number= # of protons. Mass number= combined number of protons and neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive and decay spontaneously until they become stable isotopes. Each radioisotope decays at a rate determined by its half-life. Compounds= a molecule composed of atoms of two or more different elements. Covalent bond= atoms in a molecule share electrons. Ionic bonds= an electron is transferred from one atom to another. Solutions= no chemical bonding but is a mixture of substances. Water dominates earth, covering 70% of the globe. The water molecule is polar, with the oxygen atoms attracting the electrons than do the two hydrogens.
