BIOL 112 Lecture 18: Transcription (Part II)

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Biol 112 - biology of the cell - lecture 18 (chapter 19): transcription (part ii) Sequences at the two ends of a gene instruct the proteins to read it. Both dna strands can be templates for transcription. Remember new strands are synthesized only in 5" to 3" direction. Transcription is initiated when proteins bind to the promoter. This lecture focuses on the initiation process in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 10 box: 10 bases upstream from the +1 site: sequence tataat. (remember +1 site is where the first nucleotide of the new strand is made) 35 box: 35 bases upstream from the +1 site. Transcription starts when rna polymerase binds to the promoter regions. Sigma factor from rna polymerase hugs dna. The strength of the bond between promoter and sigma factor affects transcription. Stronger bond - many copies of transcript. Weaker bond - less copies of transcript. Eukaryotes have pol i, ii, and iii.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is true?

A.) Molecules of mRNA are translated from 3' to 5'

B.) For each amino acid found naturally in proteins, there is only one codon in the genetic code.

C.)The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is found in the promoters of genes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

D.) During translation, both strands of DNA are used as templates for the construction of two new strands of protein.

E.) When considering the initiation of transcription one often finds consensus sequences, such as the TATA box, located in the region of the DNA where RNA polymerase(s) bind.

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

BIOL 112 Lecture 18: Transcription (Part II)

BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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