MICB 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gram Staining, Teichoic Acid, Cell Membrane
Document Summary
Topic 1: introduction to bacterial diseases and vocabulary. Disease-causing microbes: only a very small fraction of the microbes on earth. Vast majority of microbes (including viruses): serve critical and beneficial roles in the biosphere. Worldwide, ~30% of deaths are from an infectious disease. Dalys (disability-adjusted life year: expresses impact of infectious disease, = 1 year of healthy life lost due to combined effects of disability and premature death. Example of diseases/infections caused only by bacteria: pertussis, tuberculosis. Strain: o157:h7 (o-polysaccharide type 157, flagella structure type 7) Strain: a member of a species with a particular genotype. For (cid:862)higher(cid:863) eukaryotes (e. g. macroscopic plants and animals): an interbreeding group of diploid reproductively isolated organisms that produce fertile offspring. Not applicable to bacteria: haploid (most genes) reproduce asexually, so(cid:373)e of their ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272) (cid:373)aterial (cid:373)ay (cid:374)ot (cid:272)o(cid:373)e fro(cid:373) their (cid:862)pare(cid:374)t(cid:863) (cid:894)horizo(cid:374)tal ge(cid:374)e transfer) Comparison of their circular chromosomes: coli k-12, coli o157:h7.
