PHAR 471 Lecture 7: 7. Diabetes
10 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
346 million people are affected by diabetes worldwide today by 2030 its estimated to grow to 438 million. Canada: >9 million people with diabetes or prediabetes. Secreted from -cells within the islets of langerhans scattered throughout the pancreas. There are 4 types of cells within the islets, but -cells make up the majority (60-80%) Cells make insulin and adapt the rate of insulin secretion in response to different glucose levels. Controllers of insulin secretion: glucose = an initiator or primary stimuli able to increase insulin in the absence of any other stimuli. Moa: glucose increases the atp/adp ratio k+ channel closes depolarization of the membrane. Ca2+ enters exocytosis of secretory granules containing insulin: amino acids and fas: can trigger insulin release, drugs: sulfonylureas: block k+ channels = insulin secretion, glucagon-like peptide (glp): can enhance insulin release, catecholamines inhibit insulin secretion. Cells secrete pro-insulin the c-peptide is split off to create the active insulin.
