BIOL 1010U Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Noncoding Dna, Dna Mismatch Repair, Dna Repair
5 May 2016
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Document Summary
Why are mutations important: mutation: any heritable change in the genetic material. Doesn"t alter genetic code processes by which proteins are made may have misshapen protein but may not be a big deal because we make tons of proteins: most mutations are spontaneous and random. Rate and nature of mutations: mutation is rare for any individual nucleotide and varies for different organisms, high rates: rna viruses, retroviruses, moderate rates: dna viruses. Lowest rates: unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms: genome wide, mutations are common. Higher mutation rates for multicellular organisms; lowest rates in dna viruses, bacteria, yeast: errors in dna replication in multicellular organisms occur about 10-10 or about 1 nucleotide in every 10 billion nucleotides. Exceptions: hot spots certain nucleotides are prone to mutation. In humans mutation rate is greater in males than females: cell type - i. e. somatic vs. germ cells.
