HLSC 2462U Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Antibody, Plasma Cell, Basal-Cell Carcinoma
29 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Altered Physiology I: Lecture 3
Cancer I
Tumor
-A.k.a. neoplasm
-tissue overgrowth that is independent of the laws governing the remainder of the
body
-benign = not cancer, but can still be life threatening
-malignant = cancer
-mitotic index – ratio between cells going through mitosis and cells not in a
population of cells
Benign vs. Malignant
Characteristics Benign Malignant
Growth rate Grow slowly - Low mitotic
index
Grow rapidly - High mitotic
index
Border Well-defined capsule
(borders)
Not encapsulated (ill-
defined borders)
Ability to invade Not invasive Invade & destroy local
tissues (necrosis – cell and
tissue death)
Appearance Look like tissue from which
they arise
= “well differentiated”
May not look like tissue of
origin
Ability to metastasize Do not spread to other
organs
Can spread to other
organs and local lymph
nodes
= “metastasis”
Dysplasia
-abnormal changes in size, shape, and number of cells
-doesn’t indicate cancer, but can lead to it
-cancer cells are often found adjacent to it
Properties of Cancer Cells
-independent from normal cellular controls
-anaplasia – loss of differentiation and shape which is shown by an increase in
nucleus size and evidence of ongoing proliferation
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