HLSC 2463U Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Mast Cell, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, Smooth Muscle Tissue
Document Summary
Breathe in normally, harder to breathe air out. Mucus can plug the airways, harder for air to get out. Alveolar walls can be destroyed, reduction in surface area and a ventilation perfusion mismatch occurs. Type 1 allergen or antigen enters the airways and triggers the accumulation of the mast cell which degranulates and releases inflammatory mediators. Mediators are involved in secretion of mucus, edema, fluid leaves capillaries in interstitial space, smooth muscle constriction (bronchoconstriction) Smooth muscle constricts and over time can hypertrophy. Mast cells are degranulating and releasing mediators and causes smooth muscle constriction, increase mucus, air cant be breathed out, accumulates in the alveoli and cause hyperinflation of the alveoli. Reduces size of bronchial walls, no opening, constricted and plugged up with mucus. Traps air in lungs instead of being expired. Air traps, accumulates in alveoli and lead to uneven ventilation perfusion. Internal walls are destroyed due to accumulation of air.
