ADM 1340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Inventory Turnover, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, Perpetual Inventory

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All companies need to determine quantity of inventory at end of each accounting period. For companies using perpetual or periodic inventory system. Involves counting, weighing or measuring each kind of inventory on hand. A good system of internal control minimizes errors in counting inventory. Should be included in the inventory of the company that has legal title to the goods on the date of count. Consignee sells goods on behalf of consignor in exchange for a fee without ever transferring legal title or ownership. Consigned goods are counted in the inventory of consignor rather than. Used when goods are not ordinarily interchangeable, or have been produced and segregated for specific projects. Disadvantage: easy to manipulate profits by choosing to sell units with higher or lower purchase cost. Assume a flow of costs that may not be the same as actual flow of goods.

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Travis Company has just completed a physical inventory count at year-end, December 31 of the current year. Only the items on the shelves, in storage, and in the receiving area were counted and costed on a FIFO basis. The inventory amounted to $66,500. During the audit, the independent CPA developed the following additional information: Goods costing $910 were being used by a customer on a trial basis and were excluded from the inventory count at December 31 of the current year. Goods in transit on December 31 of the current year, from a supplier, with terms FOB destination (explained in the âRequiredâ section), cost $1,400. Because these goods had not yet arrived, they were excluded from the physical inventory count. On December 31 of the current year, goods in transit to customers, with terms FOB shipping point, amounted to $1,800 (expected delivery date January 10 of next year). Because the goods had been shipped, they were excluded from the physical inventory count. On December 28 of the current year, a customer purchased goods for cash amounting to $3,050 and left them âfor pickup on January 3 of next year.â Travis Company had paid $1,720 for the goods and, because they were on hand, included the latter amount in the physical inventory count. On the date of the inventory count, the company received notice from a supplier that goods ordered earlier at a cost of $4,000 had been delivered to the transportation company on December 27 of the current year; the terms were FOB shipping point. Because the shipment had not arrived by December 31 of the current year, it was excluded from the physical inventory count. On December 31 current year, the company shipped $1,700 worth of goods to a customer, FOB destination. The goods are expected to arrive at their destination no earlier than January 8 of next year. Because the goods were not on hand, they were not included in the physical inventory count. One of the items sold by the company has such a low volume that management planned to drop it last year. To induce Travis Company to continue carrying the item, the manufacturer-supplier provided the item on a âconsignment basis.â This means that the manufacturer-supplier retains ownership of the item, and Travis Company (the consignee) has no responsibility to pay for the items until they are sold to a customer. Each month, Travis Company sends a report to the manufacturer on the number sold and remits cash for the cost. At the end of December of the current year, Travis Company had seven of these items on hand; therefore, they were included in the physical inventory count at $780 each. Required: Assume that Travisâs accounting policy requires including in inventory all goods for which it has title. Note that the point where title (ownership) changes hands is determined by the shipping terms in the sales contract. When goods are shipped âFOB shipping point,â title changes hands at shipment and the buyer normally pays for shipping. When they are shipped âFOB destination,â title changes hands on delivery, and the seller normally pays for shipping. Begin with the $66,500 inventory amount and compute the correct amount for the ending inventory. (Deductible amounts should be entered with a minus sign. If no adjustment is necessary, enter a 0 in the cell.)

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MATCHING

Inventory system that updates the merchandise inventory account only at the end of the accounting period based on a physical count of merchandise on hand.

Statement where net income is determined by deducting all expenses from all revenues.

Inventory system that updates the merchandise inventory account for every purchase and sale transaction.

Payment arrangements determined by the seller as to when invoices are due and whether early payment discount is offered.

Shipping terms where the ownership of merchandise passes to the buyer when the seller delivers the merchandise to the freight carrier.

Statement that includes subtotals for net sales, gross profit, and net operating income in determining net income.

Losses of inventory due to theft, damage, spoilage, etc. that cause the actual inventory on hand to be less than that on record.

Shipping terms where the ownership of merchandise passes to the buyer when the buyer receives the merchandise.

FOB destination
Periodic inventory system

Credit terms
FOB shipping point

Multiple-step income statement
Inventory shrinkage

Perpetual inventory system

Single-step income statement

1. Inventory is classified on the balance sheet as a

a.current liability

b.long-term asset

c.current asset

d.long-term liability

2. What is the term applied to the excess of sales over the cost of goods sold?

a.net income

b.gross profit

c.operations

d.gross sales

3. The inventory system employing accounting records that continuously disclose the amount of inventory is called

a.periodic

b.retail

c.perpetual

d.physical

4. Calculate the gross profit for Jefferson Company based on the following:

Sales $764,000

Selling Expenses $42,500

Cost of Goods Sold $538,000

a.$183,500

b.$721,500

c.$495,500

d.$226,000

5. Calculate income from operations for Jonas Company based on the following data:

Sales $764,000

Selling Expenses $52,500

Cost of Goods Sold $538,000

a.$226,000

b.$711,500

c.$485,500

d.$173,500

6. The primary difference between the periodic and perpetual inventory systems is that a

a.periodic system keeps a record showing the inventory on hand at all times

b.periodic system determines the inventory on hand only at the end of the accounting period

c.periodic system records the cost of the sale on the date the sale is made

d.periodic system provides an easy means to determine inventory shrinkage

7. In credit terms of 3/15, n/45, the "3" represents the

a.percent of the cash discount

b.full amount of the invoice

c.number of days when the entire amount is due

d.number of days in the discount period

8. Which of the following accounts has a normal credit balance?

a.Inventory

b.Accounts Receivable

c.Sales

d.Delivery Expense

9. Using a perpetual inventory system, the entry to record the purchase of $30,000 of merchandise on account would include a

a.debit to Inventory

b.debit to Accounts Payable

c.credit to Sales

d.credit to Inventory

10. Which of the following accounts usually has a debit balance?

a.Sales

b.Inventory

c.Accounts Payable

d.Sales Tax Payable

11. If title to merchandise purchases passes to the buyer when the goods are shipped from the seller, the terms are

a.n/30

b.consigned

c.FOB shipping point

d.FOB destination

12. When goods are shipped FOB destination and the seller pays the freight charges, the buyer

a.does not take a discount

b.journalizes a reduction for the cost of the merchandise

c.makes no journal entry for the freight

d.journalizes a reimbursement to the seller

13. When the perpetual inventory system is used, the inventory sold is debited to

a.Supplies Expense

b.Cost of Goods Sold

c.Sales

d.Inventory

14. Generally, the revenue account for a merchandising business is entitled

a.Gross Sales

b.Sales

c.Gross Profit

d.Fees Earned

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ADM 1340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Inventory Turnover, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, Perpetual Inventory

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