ANP 1105 Lecture : Physiology of Muscles.doc

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ceriseshark335

24 Mar 2012

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Anatomy and Physiology

Course

ANP 1105

Professor

Jacqueline Carnegie

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Document Summary

There are 3 types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and are called muscle fibres. The prefixes, myo, mys, and sarco (flesh) all refer to muscle (i. e. : sarcolemma refers to plasma membrane of muscle cells and sarcoplasm refer to cytoplasm of muscle cells) Responsible for overall body mobility; contract rapidly and tires easily. Occurs only in the heart at the heart walls. Forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels. The ability to receive and respond to stimulus (i. e. : nt released by a nerve cell or local change in ph) Generation of electrical impulse that passes along plasma membrane of muscle cell and causes cell to contract: contractility. Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated: extensibility. Muscle cells can shorten when contracting and can stretch as well: elasticity. Ability of muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched.

Related Questions

Which statement best describes how the body moves?

(a) Skeletal muscles, which are made of fibers, nerves and blood vessels, contract in order to make the body move.

(b) Cardiac and smooth muscles are made of muscle fibers, nerves, and cartilage and are responsible for all movement in the body.

(c) Smooth muscles, which are made of blood vessels, fibers, and nerves, allow for all activities that use slow-twitch muscle fibers.

(d) Skeletal muscles, which are made of tendons, nerves, and fibers, line the body cavities and allow for support and movement.

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External stimuli are communicated to the brain by means ofelectrical signals propagating along nerve cells at a speed ofapproximately 29 m/s. Similarly, electrical messages are sent atthe same speed from the brain along nerve cells to the muscles.Reflex actions are controlled by a relatively simple nerve circuitfrom a muscle to the spine and back to the muscle. Estimate thereflex time for a stimulus at the knee. (Assume that the signalresulting from the stimulus must travel a distance ?s = 1 m.)

It is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses,using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope can viewsuch objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam.Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations ofviruses, cell membranes and subcellular structures, bacterialsurfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractileproperties of muscles. The "lenses" of an electron microscopeconsist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electronbeam.

As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider anelectron traveling away from the origin along the x axis in the xyplane with initial velocity v = vi. As it passes through the regionx = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration a = ax + ay,where ax and ay are constants. For the case vi = 1.77 107 m/s, ax =7.35 1014 m/s2, and ay = 1.45 1015 m/s2, determine the following,at x = d = 0.0100 m.
(a) the position of the electron
yf =__________ m
(b) the velocity of the electron
vf =________ m/s +__________ m/s
(c) the speed of the electron
|vf| =___________ m/s
(d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e. the angle betweenits velocity and the x axis)
=________ Â°

ANP 1105 Lecture : Physiology of Muscles.doc

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