ANP 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Standard Anatomical Position, Sagittal Plane, Cranial Cavity
11 Jan 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANP1106 D Dr. Joanne Savory & Dr. W Staines
Anatomical Terms and Body Cavities 01.11.2017
Language of Anatomy – to describe body parts/positions precisely and with as few words as possible:
• An initial reference point = standard anatomical position
o Body erect, feet slightly apart, and palms face fwd with thumbs pointing away from body
• An indication of direction – reeber that right ad left refer to the patiet ot the observer
Orientation and Directional Terms
• Cranial – caudal (superior – Inferior): cranial is towards head; caudal is towards feet
• Anterior – posterior (ventral – dorsal): anterior is towards chest (front); posterior is towards back
• Proximal – distal: proximal is closer to origin of body part or attachment; distal farther from the origin
• Medial – lateral: medial is towards midline; lateral is away from midline
o Intermediate is btwn a medial and lateral structure
• Superficial – deep (external – internal): superficial is toward or at the body surface; deep is away from
body surface
Regional Terms – 2 divisions of body used to designate specific areas within the axial division of the body:
1. Axial: head, neck and trunk
2. Appendicular: appendages (limbs) attached to axis
i.e Cephalic (aka cranial or superior) has frontal, orbital, nasal, oral and mental area; Thoracic has sternal, axillary,
mammary areas; Upper Limb has acromial, brachial, antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial, carpal areas
Body Planes and Sections – 3 body planes (2 vertical and 1 horizontal)
1. Sagittal plane: vertical plane that divides body into right and left parts
• Parasagittal plane is slightly off from the exact sagittal area
2. Frontal plane: vertical plan that divides the body into anterior and
posterior parts; aka coronal plane
3. Transverse Plane: horizontal plane from right to left dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts; cross-section
• Oblique section is a tilted plane off a 90 degree angle
Body Cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity
• Cranial cavity: enclosed by the cranial bones and houses the brain
• Vertebral (spinal) cavity: enclosed by the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavity – large, houses the viscera; 2 major divisions
• Thoracic cavity (superior): subdivided:
o 2 lateral pleural cavities
o medial mediastinum containing the central pericardial cavity which enclose the heart
• abdominopelvic cavity: superior to abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver); inferior pelvic
cavity (bladder, some reproductive organs, rectum)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Proximal distal: proximal is closer to origin of body part or attachment; distal farther from the origin. Intermediate is btwn a medial and lateral structure. Superficial deep (external internal): superficial is toward or at the body surface; deep is away from body surface. Body planes and sections 3 body planes (2 vertical and 1 horizontal: sagittal plane: vertical plane that divides body into right and left parts. Cranial cavity: enclosed by the cranial bones and houses the brain: vertebral (spinal) cavity: enclosed by the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord. Ventral body cavity large, houses the viscera; 2 major divisions. Thoracic cavity (superior): subdivided: 2 lateral pleural cavities, medial mediastinum containing the central pericardial cavity which enclose the heart abdominopelvic cavity: superior to abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver); inferior pelvic cavity (bladder, some reproductive organs, rectum) Abdominopelvic quadrants epigastric (above gastric); hypogastric (below gastric) or pubic region.
