ANP 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Rugae, Splanchnic Nerves, Parietal Cell
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Anatomy and Physiology 1107
Notes: Lecture 2
Prof: D. Lohnes
➢ The Pharynx
o Mouth -> oropharynx -> laryngopharynx
o Stratified squamous epithelium; pharyngeal muscle = skeletal muscle
➢ The Esophagus
o Muscular tube (25cm) that collapses when empty
o It goes straight down the mediastinum of the thorax through the diaphragm at
the esophageal hiatus and joins the stomach at the cardial orifice (surrounded by
gastroesophageal sphincter which is a physiological sphincter), the diaphragm
also supports the sphincter
o 4 layers
▪ Mucosa: non-keratinized, mucosa and submucosa thrown into the folds
when the esophagus is empty and the folds flatten during food transit
▪ Submucosa: contains mucus-secreting esophageal glands
▪ Muscularis externa: skeletal muscle is upper 1/3 and smooth muscle is
lower 2/3
▪ Fibrous adventitia: instead of slippery serosa
➢ Stomach
o Acts as a temporary storage tank, it is the initiation of protein digestion and
coverts the contents to chime
o It is fixed at the esophagus and the small intestine but is movable in between
o 25cm long with a capacity of 50ml to 4L
o Regions: cardia -> fundus -> body -> pyloric region
o Rugae are folds that disappear when the stomach expands
o The muscularis externa allows the stomach to jackknife which results in the
physical pounding inside the stomach
o The stomach is innervated by the ANS
▪ Sympathetic: fibers from the thoracic and splanchnic nerves
(epinephrine/norepinephrine)
▪ Parasympathetic: fibers from the vagus nerve (Ach)
o Surface is entirely goblet cells which produce mucous and a bicarb rich later
▪ Mucous neck cells: at necks of glands, produce a different type of mucin
▪ Parietal cells: secrete HCL and intrinsic factor which h
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