ANP 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Myometrium, Rugae, Spermatozoon
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Anatomy and Physiology 1107
Notes: Lecture 14
Prof: J. Carnegie
➢ The male reproductive system
o The testes are located in the scrotum which is a sack of skin and superficial fascia
outside of the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of the penis
o The midline septum provides one compartment/testis
o The exterior position provides essential temperature which is 3 degrees lower
than the core in order for viable sperm to be produced
o There are two tunics
▪ Tunica vaginalis: it is the outer tunic and is two layered, it is derived from
an outpocketing of the peritoneum
▪ Tunica albuginea: it is a fibrous capsule of testes, the septal extensions
divide each testis into 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules (each lobule = 1-4
seminiferous tubules)
o Leydig cells
▪ They are interstitial cells that produce androgens (testosterone), they lie
in the soft tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules
o Blood supply
▪ Testicular arteries (branch from the abdominal aorta)
▪ Testicular veins form pampiniform plexus, the cooler venous blood in the
plexus absorbs the heat from the arterial blood cooling it before it
reaches the testes (plexus maintain testes at their cool homeostatic
environment)
▪ Spermatic cord: blood and lymph vessels, nerves, vas deferens
o The Epididymis
The head caps the superior part of the testis
▪ The body and tail contain the highly coiled duct of the epididymis
▪ Sperm that enter the epididymis are immature and non-motile
▪ It takes 20 days to traverse the epididymis in order for the sperm to gain
the ability to swim
▪ During ejaculation he smooth muscle in the ducts of the epididymis
contracts expelling sperm into the next segment of the duct system
▪ Sperm that do not get ejaculated for a long period of time get
phagocytized by epithelial cells
▪ Sperm can be stored in the epididymis for several months
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o The Ductus (vas) deferens
▪ The ejaculatory duct passes into the prostate gland and then into the
urethra
▪ Each vas deferent propels sperm out during ejaculation
▪ A vasectomy is a procedure where a physician makes a small incision into
the scrotum and the cuts through and ligates each ductus deferens.
There are minimal risks associated with this procedure
o The Urethra
▪ It is the terminal portion that serves both urinary and reproductive
functions
▪ The prostatic urethra is the portion surrounded by the prostate
▪ The membranous urethra is in the urogenital diaphragm
▪ The spongy (penile) urethra runs through the penis and opens to the
outside at the external urethral orifice
o Accessory glands
▪ Produce secretions that along with sperm make up semen
▪ Seminal Vesicles
• Lie on the posterior wall of the bladder and are about the size and
shape of a little finger
• They contribute 70% of the semen volume
• The yellow colour is due to Flavin proteins that fluoresce under
UV light
• Sperm and seminal fluid mix in the ejaculatory duct
▪ Prostate gland
• It is a single gland that is the size and shape of a chestnut, it
encircles the urethra inferior to the bladder
• Milky secretions contain enzymes that play a role in activating
sperm and also contains prostate-specific antigen
• Secretion to the prostatic urethra is vis several ducts during
ejaculation
▪ Bulbourethral gland
• It is pea-sized and inferior to the prostate, it produces thick, clear
mucus which drains into the spongy urethra before ejaculation
and lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually
excited
o Structural organization of the penis as a copulatory organ
▪ Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
▪ The external genitalia = penis + scrotum
▪ Penis = attached root + free shaft or body (enlarged tip = glans of the
penis)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The head caps the superior part of the testis: the body and tail contain the highly coiled duct of the epididymis, sperm that enter the epididymis are immature and non-motile. There are minimal risks associated with this procedure: the urethra. Uv light: sperm and seminal fluid mix in the ejaculatory duct, prostate gland. It stimulates the secretion on fsh and lh. It is the starting point, the supply is constantly maintained: first step: spermatogonium b undergoes 2 mitotic divisions, primary spermatocyte (2n) The female reproductive system: the female reproductive system is more complex, it must, produce gametes, prepare to nurture a developing embryo. It is anterior to the rectum and posteriorly/superior to the bladder. It is the shape of an inverted pear in nulliparous women (women whom have never been pregnant) It is a thin walled about 8-10cm long, the urethra is embedded in the anterior wall.
