BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Base Pair, Chromosome Abnormality, Dna Replication

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16 Dec 2017

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Document Summary

Has no effect on the operation of the cell no change in amino acid just a change in one of the nucleotides, but it doesn"t change what amino acid it makes. Missense codes for a different amino acid. Results in a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mrna, and in a truncated, incomplete, and usually nonfunctional protein product. One base pair is substituted with another base pair. Can also refer to the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein. Part of the chromosome or a sequence of dna is lost during dna. An insertion of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a dna sequence. A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a genetic replication. Caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a. Dna sequence that is not divisible by three. Is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes.

Related Questions

Part B

Think about the DNA coding sequence of a gene. If an A were swapped for a T, what kind of mutation could it cause and why?

a) It could cause a frameshift nonsense or frameshift missense mutation because it would change the reading frame of the codon triplet.

b) It could cause a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation because those are the types that can be caused by a nucleotide-pair substitution like this one.

c) It could cause a nonsense mutation because the sequence would no longer be the same, so the protein would be shorter and non-functional.

d) It could cause a silent mutation because A and T are complementary to each other so it is not really a substitution mutation.

Part C

Why is a frameshift missense mutation more likely to have a severe effect on phenotype than a nucleotide-pair substitution missense mutation in the same protein?

a) A substitution missense mutation causes the protein to be shorter and thus non-functional.

b) A frameshift missense will cause the codons to be out of order, but a substitution missense does not change the order of the codons.

c) A frameshift missense mutation will cause an early Stop codon, but a substitution missense might be silent.

d) A substitution missense affects only one codon, but a frameshift missense affects all codons downstream of the frameshift.

Part D

Which of the following sequences shows a frameshift mutation compared to the wild-type mRNA sequence?

a) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACAGAGUGA-3â

b) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACGUUGGAGUGA-3â

c) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA-3â

d) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUGUGACAUUGGAGUGA-3â

Part F

Suppose that the triplet of nucleotides indicated in bold (AGC) spans two codons, that is, CTA and GCC. If the triplet AGC were deleted from this DNA coding sequence, what effect would it have on the resulting protein?

5â-ATGCTAGCCTATCGTAAC-3â

a) The two flanking codons would be altered, but the rest of the amino acid sequence would be the same because there would be no frameshift.

b) The entire amino acid sequence would be altered due to the frameshift.

c) All of the amino acids after the deletion would be altered due to the frameshift.

d) All of the amino acids up to the deletion would be altered due to the frameshift.

mauvetrout554

A mutation has resulted in changes to both the size (number of amino acids) and the amino acid composition of the protein encoded by a gene. This mutation is most likely a (an) ---------.

	A.	Deletion of the promoter
	B.	Insertion or deletion of a base pair in an exon
	C.	Single missense mutation in the transcription region
	D.	A base substitution, which has changed the start codon to 5'ACG3'
	E.	Insertion or deletion of a base in the middle of an intron