BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Northern Gannet, Yellow Perch, Aerial Survey
16 Jun 2018
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Chapter 10: Ecology of populations
Overview:
• Population, biological cycle, density, dispersion, demography,
• Dispersion patterns: clumped, uniform, random
• Demography:
• Biological cycles
• Population dynamics
1. Definitions
• Population:
o May have very many of one species
o Each with own dynamics
o Species represented by many populations with possibility of gene flow between populations
• Biological cycles:
o Basic to understanding species life cycle and preservation
2. Density
• Result of dynamic interaction between addition and elimination processes
• Determining density:
o Direct counting – if you can see or hear the population:
o Aerial survey
• Ex. Northern Gannet, Quebec; can measure reproductive success and estimate
number of young that actually leave island
▪ Parents must fly far to find mackerel; makes it difficult to raise young
▪ Success rate of young leaving island (ie. replenishment rate) is much lower than
that needed to maintain population
o Identification by song
• Ex. bird communities in different forest habitats
o Sampling - when you can't see or hear populations (ex. fish)
• Ex. capture-recapture of dwarf species of yellow perch (the only species in a lake in
Gatineau)
▪ Randomly catch and mark fish - release them again - in second sampling period,
capture another random sample - observe number of marked (N2m) to total (N2)
fish present
▪ N1/X=N2m/N2 or X= N1N2/N2m
▪ Need to respect conditions for results to be possibly valid:
• marking has no health effect of the animal;
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Document Summary
Northern gannet, quebec; can measure reproductive success and estimate number of young that actually leave island: parents must fly far to find mackerel; makes it difficult to raise young. Success rate of young leaving island (ie. replenishment rate) is much lower than that needed to maintain population. Identification by song: ex. bird communities in different forest habitats, sampling - when you can"t see or hear populations (ex. fish, ex. capture-recapture of dwarf species of yellow perch (the only species in a lake in. -> should repeat sampling multiple times: dispersion. Survivorship curves: proportion of individuals in a cohort that are still alive at every age: type 1: low at first, rapid increase in late life, type 2: constant death rate, type 3: high for young, ex. Belding"s ground squirrels: **may only study females for survivorship, can further identify reproductive output; Lifespan: females - 9 y; males - 5 y.
