BIO 1140 Lecture 6: Topic 6 Notes - Mitochondria and Apoptosis
3 Nov 2017
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Describe and differentiate the two cell-death mechanisms and explain the role of mitochondria and calcium in each. The size of an organ or organism depends on the total cell mass. Death helps maintain organ/organism size and helps maintain total cell number. Other reasons: cells are dysfunctional, they have outlived their usefulness, they have become infected. Some brain cells die to allow for improved connections. Chemical messengers: growth factors, mitogens: stimulate cell division, survival factors. All triggers lead to changes in the cell, which lead to its demise. The mechanisms of the death are the differences. Causes collateral damage: caused as a response to damage. Ischemia, excitotoxicity: ca2+ surplus, loss of atpase activity, loss of electrochemical gradient, decreased atp. In response to a stress signal (intrinsic or extrinsic) development: ex. Tadpoles get rid of the tail to grow legs, embryos get rid of interdigit membrane to get digits.
