BIO 1300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Action Potential, Resting Potential, Occipital Lobe

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26 Jun 2016

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Soma (cell body) the cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm. The structure of neuron is on page 365. Dendrites: the branches fibres of neurons that receive incoming signals: the basic job of the dendrites is to receive stimulation from sense receptors or other neurons. Terminal buttons (axon endings) the bulblike structures at the branched endings of axons that contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters: where you are able to stimulate nearby glands and body parts. Glia cells the cells that hold neurons together and facilitate neural transmission, remove damaged and dead neurons, and prevent poisonous substances in the blood from reaching the brain. Resting potential the polarization of cellular fluid within a neuron, which provide the capability to produce an action potential. The biochemical basis of an action potential: in a resting state, the fluid surrounding the axon ahs a different concentration of ions that the fluid inside the axon.

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Of the 4 basic tissue types found in the body, the tissue typethat is composed of _________ cells, also known as neurons, is thetype that is specialized to generate and propagate electrochemicalmessages that enable communication between cells in very distantlocations.

The part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus along withthe bulk of the cell's cytoplasm and other cellular organelles iscalled the soma or ____________. The bulk of the cell signalscoming to the nerve cell are received in this region.

______________ are cellular projections that serve to increasethe receptive surface area of the nerve cell; that is, incomingsignals are also received in these areas and then immediatelytransferred to the cell body. When these structures projectdirectly from the cell body, they are '_____' anatomic dendrites.When they are located at some distance from the cell body but bringinformation directly to the soma - they are '___________'dendrites. Neurons often have multiple dendrites.

While neurons often contain multiple dendrites to bringinformation into the cells, each has a single _________ responsiblefor transmitting information from the cell body to the intendedrecipient of the neuron's message.

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Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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BIO 1300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Action Potential, Resting Potential, Occipital Lobe

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